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359 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Florence & her group of women took the death rate from _____ to _____ |
60% to 1% She did this by improving ventilation, nutrition, and sanitation |
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What is the lamp a symbol of, and the light of the lamp |
Lamp=symbol of learning Light of lamp= striving for excellence a social |
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A social worker who began to organize and train nurses in the civil war |
Dorthea Dix |
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Who founded the Red Cross |
Clara Barton |
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First trained nurse in the US |
Melinda Richards |
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Founded the first school of nursing at John’s Hopkins |
Isabella Hampton |
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Who had the environmental theory |
Nightingale |
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Who had the basic need theory |
Henderson |
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Who had the self care theory |
Orem |
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Who had the adaptation theory |
Roy |
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Law that protects rights and freedoms |
Constitutional law |
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Identifies local, state, federal rules like scope of practice |
Statutory Law |
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Define tort |
Person asserts that a physical, emotional, or financial injury as a consequence of another persons actions or failure to act |
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Legal immunity to passerby who provide emergency first aid to victims of accidents |
Good Samaritan law |
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Designated time within which a person can file a lawsuit |
Statute of limitations |
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Teleologic |
Case by case, ends justify the means |
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Deontologic |
Morals, maintain and preserve life |
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“Doing good” or acting for another’s benefit |
Beneficence |
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“Do no harm” / avoiding harm |
Non-maleficence |
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Right to make your own choices |
Autonomy |
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Duty to be honest and not mislead |
Veracity |
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Values, beliefs, and practices |
Culture |
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A bond one feels with their place of origin |
Ethnicity |
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A state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity |
Health |
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Ideals that a person feels are important |
Values |
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Concepts that a person holds true |
Beliefs |
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Maslows hierarchy |
Back (Definition) |
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Incidence of a specific disease, disorder, or injury |
Morbidity |
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Incidence of deaths |
Mortality |
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Health services provided by the first health care provider |
Primary |
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Health services that primary caregivers refer clients for consultation |
Secondary |
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Health services provided at hospitals where complex tech & specialists are available |
Tertiary care |
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65 or older, permanent disability |
Medicare |
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Lower income |
Medicaid |
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Phases of nurse client relationship |
Introductory- first impression Working- tasks are done with client Terminating- the relationship comes to an end |
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Paralanguage |
Vocal sounds that are not words |
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Pedagogy |
Children |
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Andragogy |
Adults |
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An unpleasant sensation usually associated with disease or injury |
Pain |
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Who said “pain is whatever the person says it is, and existing whenever the person says it does” |
Margo Mccaffery |
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Chemicals that stimulate Nociceptors |
Neuro peptides |
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What is considered the 5th vital signs |
Pain |
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What blocks pain reception |
Opiod |
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NSAID’s |
Non opioids. Aspirin, Tylenol, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen. |
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Opioids |
Morphine sulfate, codeine, sulfate, meperidine (Demerol) Fentanyl, Oxycodone |
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Adjuvant drugs |
Drugs that assist in accomplishing the desired effect of the primary drug |
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Intractable pain |
Pain unresponsive to treatment measures |
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Rhizotomy |
Surgical sectioning of a nerve root. Prevents sensory impulses from getting to the brain |
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Cordotomy |
The interruption of pain pathways |
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Measures that reduce or eliminate microorganisms |
Aseptic technique |
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The ability to overcome the immune system |
Virulence |
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Normal flora. Harmless, beneficial. Either mutually beneficial, or neither helping nor harming |
Non pathogens |
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Cause illness. Communicable, contagious |
Pathogen |
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Smallest microorganisms known to cause disease. Cannot reproduce. |
Viruses |
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3 types of mycotic infections |
Superficial, affect skin, mucous membranes, hair, nails, athletes foot Intermediate- affect subcutaneous tissues Systemic- infect deep tissues & organs |
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Dry & inactive until reactivated |
Spore |
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Chain of infection |
Infectious agent- reservoir- portal of exit- means of transmission- portal of entry - susceptible host |
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Asepsis/antisepsis |
Practices that decrease or eliminate infectious agents, their reservoirs, and vehicle transmission |
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Chemicals that destroy or suppress the growth of infectious microorganisms |
Antimicrobial agents |
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Chemicals that destroy or suppress the growth of infectious microorganisms |
Antimicrobial agents |
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These don’t kill microorganisms, but prevent them from growing |
Antiseptics |
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Destroy active microorganisms, but not spores |
Disinfects |
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Diseases that are spread by pathogens or toxins |
Infectious disease |
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Infection stages |
Incubation, no symptoms. Prodromal, initial symptoms appear. Acute, severe symptoms. Convalescent, symptoms subside. Resolution, pathogen destroyed. |
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What model does focus charting use |
The DAR model. Data, action, response. |
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What model does focus charting use |
The DAR model. Data, action, response. |
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Beneficial disclosure exemptions |
Reporting vital statistics such as births and deaths. Notifying an identified person of a credible threat for imminent harm. Disclosing information for organ or tissue donation. Informing the US Food and drug administration of adverse reactions to drugs or medical devices. Notifying the public health department about communicable diseases |
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How long is an outpatient visit |
Length of stay less than 24 hours |
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How long is an outpatient visit |
Length of stay less than 24 hours |
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What is an observation stay |
Monitoring required, need for inpatient determined within 23 hours |
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Discharge planning is METHOD |
medication’s, environment, treatments, health teaching, outpatient referral, diet |
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The practices that help in promoting health through personal cleanliness |
Hygiene |
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Massage that’s upward and outward from the spine |
Effleurage |
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Massage that’s upward and outward from the spine |
Effleurage |
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Massage where you pull the skin in opposite directions in a needing fashion to lift and stretch it from the bone of the spine to shoulder areas |
Petrissage |
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Define ophthalmologist |
Doctor who treats eye disorders |
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Define ophthalmologist |
Doctor who treats eye disorders |
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Define optometrist |
Person who prescribes corrective lenses |
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Another name for paradoxical sleep |
REM |
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Another name for slow wave sleep |
NREM. Last about 90 to 100 minutes |
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Diagnostic assessment technique in which a client is monitored for a full nights sleep |
Nocturnal polysomnography |
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Diagnostic assessment technique in which a client is monitored for a full nights sleep |
Nocturnal polysomnography |
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Daytime sleep assessment |
Multiple sleep latency test |
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Diagnostic assessment technique in which a client is monitored for a full nights sleep |
Nocturnal polysomnography |
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Daytime sleep assessment |
Multiple sleep latency test |
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Measures that prevent accidents or unintentional injuries |
Safety |
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Non-latex gloves include |
Vinyl, nitrile, neoprene |
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Methods that immobilize or reduce the ability of a client to freely move his or her arms legs body or head |
Physical restraint |
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Methods that immobilize or reduce the ability of a client to freely move his or her arms legs body or head |
Physical restraint |
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Medication‘s that are not a standard treatment or dosage for the clients behavior or freedom of movement |
Chemical restraints |
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Massage techniques |
Effleurage, to skim the surface. Long strokes, over a circular area, up and away from spine.
Petrissage, to knead. Lift and compressed skin, pull in opposite directions. Frôlement, to brush. The skin is lightly touched with fingertips, gradually lighten pressure. Tapotement, to tap. Skin is lightly struck with the side of the hands.
Vibration, to set in motion. Open or cupped hands make tissue quiver.
Friction, to rub. Skin is pulled from opposite directions using thumbs and fingers. |
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When do you take vitals |
On admission. According to orders. Once per day. Every four hours when patient is abnormal. Every 5 to 15 minutes when unstable. When condition changes. Before during after blood transfusion. Before some medication’s. |
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Core temperature range |
97 to 99.5 |
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Shell temperature range |
96.6 to 99.3 |
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The structure within the brain that helps control temperature with metabolic activities |
Hypothalamus |
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Temperature may be lowest when |
At midnight, due to circadian rhythm |
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What is a fever |
A temperature exceeding 99.3 |
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Hyperthermia |
Core temperature exceeding 105.8 |
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Hypothermia |
Less than 95 |
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Core temperature is best measured with what |
A tympanic thermometer |
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What is a pulse deficit |
A difference between apical and radial pulse rates |
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Respiration rates by age |
Newborn, 30-80. Early childhood 20–40. Late childhood 15–25. Men 14–18. Women 16–20. |
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Respiration rates by age |
Newborn, 30-80. Early childhood 20–40. Late childhood 15–25. Men 14–18. Women 16–20. |
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Normal MAP range |
30–50 |
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Blood pressure ranges |
Normal. lower than 120/80 Elevated. 120-129 / >80 High BP stage 1. 130-139 / 80-89 High BP stage 2. >140 or >90 Hypertensive crisis. >180 or >120 |
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Insert rectal thermometer how much |
1.5in |
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Increase peristaltic activity |
Gastrocolic reflex |
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Increase peristaltic activity |
Gastrocolic reflex |
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What colors in stool indicate |
Black, indicates blood or iron
Clay/tan, indicate issues with the liver or gallbladder
Yellow/green, infection, extra gall |
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Fecal tests |
Fecal occult blood test, FOBT, a self collected screening test from three separate stools, may be able to detect heme, an iron compound in blood. Medication and diet restrictions.
Fecal immunochemical test, more specific and preferred. uses antibodies to detect globin, a protein removed from heme. No dietary or medication restrictions |
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colonography |
Also known as barium enema, CT scan without a colonoscope |
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Types of constipation |
Primary/simple, fluid/fiber intake, inactivity.
Secondary, consequence of a pathological disorder
iatrogenic, consequence of medical treatments such as analgesics
Pseudoconstipation, perceived constipation, when you believe you are constipated but you are not. |
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Types of constipation |
Primary/simple, fluid/fiber intake, inactivity.
Secondary, consequence of a pathological disorder
iatrogenic, consequence of medical treatments such as analgesics
Pseudoconstipation, perceived constipation, when you believe you are constipated but you are not. |
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What type of ostomy has liquid stool, because the large intestine absorbs the fluid |
Ileostomy |
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Standards of clinical nursing practice |
Assessment, diagnosis, outcome, identification, planning, implementation, evaluation. ADPIE |
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Standards of clinical nursing practice |
Assessment, diagnosis, outcome, identification, planning, implementation, evaluation. ADPIE |
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In care planning, defined the durations of goals |
Short term goals, achievable in a few days to a week. Long-term goals, week or months. |
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Define gavage and lavage |
Gavage, providing nourishment. Administering enteral meds. Put things IN the garage. Lavage, (LEAVING) removing substances from stomach. Such as in an OD. Promoting decompression, removing gas and liquid contents or bowel. After surgery, controlling gastric bleeding, called compression or tamponade (tampon) |
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Define gavage and lavage |
Gavage, providing nourishment. Administering enteral meds. Put things IN the garage. Lavage, (LEAVING) removing substances from stomach. Such as in an OD. Promoting decompression, removing gas and liquid contents or bowel. After surgery, controlling gastric bleeding, called compression or tamponade (tampon) |
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Types of tubes |
Orogastric: Ewald, purpose lavage. Single lumen, multiple openings at distal end for drainage. Nasogastric: Levin. For lavage, gavage, decompression, diagnostics. Single lumen. Salem sump. For decompression. double lumen. Pigtail vent Sengstaken blakemore, compression and drainage. Appropriate for tamponade. Keofeed, gavage. Maxter, intestinal decompression. |
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What is the second lumen in a Salem sump |
A vent |
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Define dumping syndrome |
A cluster of symptoms from the rapid deposition of calorie dense nourishment into the small intestine |
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Those at risk for what benefit from zinc, protein, and vitamin C |
Pressure sores |
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Types of feedings |
Bolus feeding, liquid nourishment instilled in less than 30 minutes 4–6 times a day. Usually 250–400 mL. High risk for aspiration.
Intermittent feedings, the gradual installation of liquid nourishment 4–6 times a day over 30–60 minutes. Cyclic feeding, continuous installation of liquid feeding for 8–12 hours followed by a 12–16 hour pause. Weaning/tube feeding given overnight while oral nutrition during day. Continuous feeding, insulation without interruption usually at a rate of 1.5 mL per minute, usually preferred due to a reduced risk of aspiration |
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Your |
Mom |
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Three components of informed consent |
Capacity, comprehension, voluntariness |
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Three components of informed consent |
Capacity, comprehension, voluntariness |
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Before a procedure that uses barium, check for what kind of allergies |
Shellfish & iodine |
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What position do you put your patient in for a pelvic exam |
Lithotomy |
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What position do you put your patient in for a pelvic exam |
Lithotomy |
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radiography considerations |
Contrast barium coats hollow structures & non-solid (blood). Radiation will not go through lead. thyroid is your master gland, so it is protected during an x-ray. |
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What position do you put your patient in for a pelvic exam |
Lithotomy |
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radiography considerations |
Contrast barium coats hollow structures & non-solid (blood). Radiation will not go through lead. thyroid is your master gland, so it is protected during an x-ray. |
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Define MRI |
Magnetic resonance imaging. This produces images by using atoms through a strong electromagnetic energy. Joint replacements are titanium, so they are OK. Some pacemakers are OK. |
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What position is this |
Lithotomy |
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What position is this |
Lithotomy |
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What position is this |
Sims |
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What position is this |
Lithotomy |
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What position is this |
Sims |
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What position is this |
Modified standing |
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Radionucleotide imaging considerations |
PET test – positron emission tomography. This will pick up things you won’t pick up on an x-ray. Sometimes they use contrast dye, so ask ab allergies. When radioactive dye is used you are radioactive for 24 hours. Keep items separate from family, do not have sex, because it would affect a possible fetus as well as sexual partner. |
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Radionucleotide imaging considerations |
PET test – positron emission tomography. This will pick up things you won’t pick up on an x-ray. Sometimes they use contrast dye, so ask ab allergies. When radioactive dye is used you are radioactive for 24 hours. Keep items separate from family, do not have sex, because it would affect a possible fetus as well as sexual partner. |
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What is a hotspot |
Hotspots are certain tissues that absorb more radioactive dye than others |
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What does a culture and sensitivity test do |
It detects culture, a.k.a. the bacteria. It also detects sensitivity, a.k.a., antibiotics that will work for this bacteria |
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What is a systematic examination of body structures |
Physical assessment |
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Four basic assessment techniques |
Inspection, most commonly used. Examining particular body parts and looking for norms and abnormalities. Percussion. Striking or tapping body with fingertips to produce vibratory sounds.
Palpation, lightly touching or applying pressure. Ausculation, listening to body sounds. |
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Which chart is used for far vision |
Shellen |
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Which chart is used for near vision |
Jaeger. To see the little jaegers |
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What test uses a tuning fork to determine quality or disparity of bone conducted sound |
Weber |
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What test compares air versus bone conduction using the mastoid? |
Rinne |
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Common skin lesions |
Macule, a flat, round, colored, non-palpable area. You can see it, but not feel it. Freckles.
Papule. Elevated, palpable, solid. Wart |
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Common wounds |
Wound, A break in the skin.
Ulcer, open, crater lake area.
Abrasion, an area that has been rubbed away by friction.
Laceration, torn, jagged wound. |
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How to classify edema |
The number used to describe it is half of the time it takes for the pit to come back up, or half of the mm of edema. For example, a +1 pitting edema means the pit comes back to normal in two seconds. A 3+ edema would be a 6mm pit. 4+, 8mm. |
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What amount of urine is eliminated each day |
1500–3000ml. Bladder is distended at 150–300ml. Average output is 1200. Anything less than 400 mL is abnormal, anything greater than 3000 is also abnormal |
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Common urine specimens |
Voided specimens, sample of fresh urine. First void of the day preferred
Clean catch, considered sterile. Also called midstream.
Catheter specimen, if foley, clamp for 30 minutes and get from the port.
24 hour specimen, container with chemical preservative or container on ice. Discard urine from just prior to beginning the testing. |
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Common urine specimens |
Voided specimens, sample of fresh urine. First void of the day preferred
Clean catch, considered sterile. Also called midstream.
Catheter specimen, if foley, clamp for 30 minutes and get from the port.
24 hour specimen, container with chemical preservative or container on ice. Discard urine from just prior to beginning the testing. |
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Urination classifications |
Albuminuria, A plasma proteins. Ketonuria, higher fat, low carb diet. Anuria, 100 mL or less in 24 hours. Oliguria, less than 400 mL in 24 hours. Polyuria greater than normal. |
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Common urine specimens |
Voided specimens, sample of fresh urine. First void of the day preferred
Clean catch, considered sterile. Also called midstream.
Catheter specimen, if foley, clamp for 30 minutes and get from the port.
24 hour specimen, container with chemical preservative or container on ice. Discard urine from just prior to beginning the testing. |
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Urination classifications |
Albuminuria, A plasma proteins. Ketonuria, higher fat, low carb diet. Anuria, 100 mL or less in 24 hours. Oliguria, less than 400 mL in 24 hours. Polyuria greater than normal. |
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What type of drug vasolidates and puts more fluid into the vascular system? And what type of drug impairs bladder contraction and worsens overflow? |
High blood pressure drugs vasolidate and put more fluid into the vascular system. Antidepressants impair bladder contraction and worsen overflow. |
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Types of incontinence |
Stress incontinence, decreased muscle in sphincter, leaking. Urge, you don’t know you have to go until right then. Reflex, brain doesn’t realize the bladder is being filled. Functional, cannot get to the toilet physically. Total, hardest to control. For lack of control due to LOC Overflow, bladder is so full, it leaks, distention is realized |
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Types of beds |
Osculating support bed, slowly and continuously rocks the client from side to side. Relieve skin pressure and helps mobilize respiratory secretions.
Circular bed. Supports the client on a six or 7 foot interior or posterior platform. |
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Fitness tests |
Stress electrocardio gram, test electrical conduction through the heart during maximal activity in facilities.
Ambulatory electrocardio gram. Continuous recording of heart rate during normal activity.
Exercise prescription, based on target heart rate which is your age subtracted from 220. This is the highest you want your heart to go during exercise.
Metabolic energy equivalent, the measure of energy and oxygen consumption during exercise. |
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Fitness tests |
Stress electrocardio gram, test electrical conduction through the heart during maximal activity in facilities.
Ambulatory electrocardio gram. Continuous recording of heart rate during normal activity.
Exercise prescription, based on target heart rate which is your age subtracted from 220. This is the highest you want your heart to go during exercise.
Metabolic energy equivalent, the measure of energy and oxygen consumption during exercise. |
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Types of exercise |
Isotonic, when you actually move. Same tension.
Isometric, just contracting muscles against resistance, same measurement.
Isokinetic, combines movement and speed with resistance.
Therapeutic exercise, performed by people with health risks or being treated for a specific health problem. |
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Fitness tests |
Stress electrocardio gram, test electrical conduction through the heart during maximal activity in facilities.
Ambulatory electrocardio gram. Continuous recording of heart rate during normal activity.
Exercise prescription, based on target heart rate which is your age subtracted from 220. This is the highest you want your heart to go during exercise.
Metabolic energy equivalent, the measure of energy and oxygen consumption during exercise. |
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Types of exercise |
Isotonic, when you actually move. Same tension.
Isometric, just contracting muscles against resistance, same measurement.
Isokinetic, combines movement and speed with resistance.
Therapeutic exercise, performed by people with health risks or being treated for a specific health problem. |
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Device that immobilizes and protects an injured part of the body |
Splints |
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Fitness tests |
Stress electrocardio gram, test electrical conduction through the heart during maximal activity in facilities.
Ambulatory electrocardio gram. Continuous recording of heart rate during normal activity.
Exercise prescription, based on target heart rate which is your age subtracted from 220. This is the highest you want your heart to go during exercise.
Metabolic energy equivalent, the measure of energy and oxygen consumption during exercise. |
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Types of exercise |
Isotonic, when you actually move. Same tension.
Isometric, just contracting muscles against resistance, same measurement.
Isokinetic, combines movement and speed with resistance.
Therapeutic exercise, performed by people with health risks or being treated for a specific health problem. |
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Device that immobilizes and protects an injured part of the body |
Splints |
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Cloth device used to elevate cradle and support body parts |
Sling |
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Fitness tests |
Stress electrocardio gram, test electrical conduction through the heart during maximal activity in facilities.
Ambulatory electrocardio gram. Continuous recording of heart rate during normal activity.
Exercise prescription, based on target heart rate which is your age subtracted from 220. This is the highest you want your heart to go during exercise.
Metabolic energy equivalent, the measure of energy and oxygen consumption during exercise. |
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Types of exercise |
Isotonic, when you actually move. Same tension.
Isometric, just contracting muscles against resistance, same measurement.
Isokinetic, combines movement and speed with resistance.
Therapeutic exercise, performed by people with health risks or being treated for a specific health problem. |
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Device that immobilizes and protects an injured part of the body |
Splints |
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Cloth device used to elevate cradle and support body parts |
Sling |
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Provide stability for unstable joint |
Functional brace |
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Types of casts |
Cast, a rigid mold placed around an injured body part after it has been restored to correct alignment.
Plaster, takes 24 to 48 hours to dry. Large ones take up to 72. Fiberglass, dries in 5 to 15 minutes. Cylinder cast, most common. In circles in arm or leg. Body cast, in circles trunk of body instead of extremity. Spica cast, encircles one or both arms or legs and the trunk. Bivalved cast, cast that is cut into two, lengthwise |
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Types of casts |
Cast, a rigid mold placed around an injured body part after it has been restored to correct alignment.
Plaster, takes 24 to 48 hours to dry. Large ones take up to 72. Fiberglass, dries in 5 to 15 minutes. Cylinder cast, most common. In circles in arm or leg. Body cast, in circles trunk of body instead of extremity. Spica cast, encircles one or both arms or legs and the trunk. Bivalved cast, cast that is cut into two, lengthwise |
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Traction |
Skin traction, pulling on skeletal system by applying devices to the skin.
Skeletal traction, pull exerted directly on the skeletal system by attaching wires pins or tongs to a bone. weights should never touch the floor, pulleys & lines are clear |
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Define semi-Fowlers |
HOB is elevated, but hips are still less than 60° |
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A group of individuals who interact with each other for the mutual benefit of their common interests to support a sense of unity or belonging |
Community |
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A group of individuals who interact with each other for the mutual benefit of their common interests to support a sense of unity or belonging |
Community |
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The study of populations and their dynamic balances, size race economics growth |
Demography |
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What organizations focus on nutrition |
World health and UNICEF |
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United States public health service started when |
1798 department of health |
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United States public health service started when |
1798 department of health |
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The mission is to remove health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability |
CDC |
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United States public health service started when |
1798 department of health |
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The mission is to remove health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability |
CDC |
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The mission is to uncover new knowledge that will lead to a better health for everyone |
NIH |
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United States public health service started when |
1798 department of health |
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The mission is to remove health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability |
CDC |
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The mission is to uncover new knowledge that will lead to a better health for everyone |
NIH |
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The NIH recognized nursing as a unique and important component in the healthcare system in what year by instituting the national Institute for nursing research |
1993 |
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United States public health service started when |
1798 department of health |
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The mission is to remove health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability |
CDC |
|
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The mission is to uncover new knowledge that will lead to a better health for everyone |
NIH |
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The NIH recognized nursing as a unique and important component in the healthcare system in what year by instituting the national Institute for nursing research |
1993 |
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The mission is to promote and protect public health by helping safe and effective products reach the market in a timely way and by monitoring products for continued safety after they are in use |
FDA |
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United States public health service started when |
1798 department of health |
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The mission is to remove health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability |
CDC |
|
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The mission is to uncover new knowledge that will lead to a better health for everyone |
NIH |
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The NIH recognized nursing as a unique and important component in the healthcare system in what year by instituting the national Institute for nursing research |
1993 |
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The mission is to promote and protect public health by helping safe and effective products reach the market in a timely way and by monitoring products for continued safety after they are in use |
FDA |
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What organization focuses on women, infants, and children’s nutrition up to age5 |
WIC |
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United States public health service started when |
1798 department of health |
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The mission is to remove health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability |
CDC |
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The mission is to uncover new knowledge that will lead to a better health for everyone |
NIH |
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The NIH recognized nursing as a unique and important component in the healthcare system in what year by instituting the national Institute for nursing research |
1993 |
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The mission is to promote and protect public health by helping safe and effective products reach the market in a timely way and by monitoring products for continued safety after they are in use |
FDA |
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What organization focuses on women, infants, and children’s nutrition up to age5 |
WIC |
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To educate and influence society to adopt safety, health, environmental policies, practices, and procedures that prevent and mitigate the human suffering and economic losses from preventable causes (recalls) |
National safety council |
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What organization focuses on universal care |
WHO |
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What is a nonprofit community based home care agency |
VNA |
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What is a nonprofit community based home care agency |
VNA |
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The goal is to decrease the potential for illness and to provide early treatment if illness does occur usually through primary healthcare |
The community health center |
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What is a nonprofit community based home care agency |
VNA |
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The goal is to decrease the potential for illness and to provide early treatment if illness does occur usually through primary healthcare |
The community health center |
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Examples of pollution |
Air pollution: smoke, smog, carbon monoxide. Water: mercury, bacteria. Land: trash and radon. Noise: work related, loud music.
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What are healthcare concerns at the state level? |
Aging, children’s health, families, mental health, special populations, substance abuse, environmental health, communicable diseases, safety |
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What are healthcare concerns at the state level? |
Aging, children’s health, families, mental health, special populations, substance abuse, environmental health, communicable diseases, safety |
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What are healthcare concerns at the local level |
School health services, community clinics, home health agencies, hospital or nursing home care, occupational health services |
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How much oxygen concentration is in room air |
21% |
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Define external respiration |
Takes place at the most distal point in the airway between the alveolar capillary membrane |
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Define external respiration |
Takes place at the most distal point in the airway between the alveolar capillary membrane |
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Define internal respiration |
Occurs at the cellular level by means of hemoglobin and body cells |
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Hypoxemia |
Not enough oxygen in arterial blood |
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Hypoxemia |
Not enough oxygen in arterial blood |
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Hypoxia |
Not enough oxygen at the cellular level |
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Hypoxemia |
Not enough oxygen in arterial blood |
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Hypoxia |
Not enough oxygen at the cellular level |
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How does pulse oximetry work |
The pulse ox shoots light race through the nail bed and measures oxygen saturation by bouncing off of hemoglobin |
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Explain oxygen toxicity |
If O2 is over 50% for more than 48 to 72 hours it can cause damage to the lung tissue |
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Who developed the five stages of grief, and what are they |
Dr. Kubler Ross. They are 1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance |
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Who developed the five stages of grief, and what are they |
Dr. Kubler Ross. They are 1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance |
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Describe the denial stage of grief |
A psychological defense mechanism by which a person refuses to believe the information. Helps people to cope initially with reality of death. “No, not me.” |
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Who developed the five stages of grief, and what are they |
Dr. Kubler Ross. They are 1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance |
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Describe the denial stage of grief |
A psychological defense mechanism by which a person refuses to believe the information. Helps people to cope initially with reality of death. “No, not me.” |
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Defined the anger stage of grief |
Emotional response to feeling victimized. Often displaced anger. “Why me?” |
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Who developed the five stages of grief, and what are they |
Dr. Kubler Ross. They are 1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance |
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Describe the denial stage of grief |
A psychological defense mechanism by which a person refuses to believe the information. Helps people to cope initially with reality of death. “No, not me.” |
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Defined the anger stage of grief |
Emotional response to feeling victimized. Often displaced anger. “Why me?” |
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Defined the bargaining stage of grief |
Psychological mechanism for delaying the inevitable. Negotiation with a higher power. “Yes me, but if only…” |
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Who developed the five stages of grief, and what are they |
Dr. Kubler Ross. They are 1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance |
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Describe the denial stage of grief |
A psychological defense mechanism by which a person refuses to believe the information. Helps people to cope initially with reality of death. “No, not me.” |
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Defined the anger stage of grief |
Emotional response to feeling victimized. Often displaced anger. “Why me?” |
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Defined the bargaining stage of grief |
Psychological mechanism for delaying the inevitable. Negotiation with a higher power. “Yes me, but if only…” |
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Define the depression stage of grief |
Deeply saddened mood. “Yes, me.” |
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Defined the acceptance stage of grief |
Attitude of complacency. Complete unfinished business. “I am ready. I am at peace.” |
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Describe four choices for the dying patient |
Home care/respite care. Cared for at home, and giving the caregiver a break.
Hospice, six months or less, dignity and pain control. Palliative care, relief from symptoms, easing pain.
Residential care/intermediate care. Nursing home, long-term care with 24 hour nursing.
Acute care, most expensive, focused more on curing and prolonging life. |
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Considerations when caring for the dying |
Hydration and nourishment. Hydration may slow pain alleviating endorphins. Sucking is one of the last abilities to go. Lateral position helps prevent choking and aspiration. Oxygen via nasal cannula rather than facemask is preferable to avoid interfering with communication. |
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Define brain dead |
Brain death is considered to have occurred when all functions of the entire brain including the brain stem have irreversibly seized |
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Differentiation between clinical and forensic autopsy |
A clinical autopsy is an exam of the organs and tissues of the human body after death. A forensic autopsy is a medicolegal exam to determine if a crime has been committed. |
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The stages of grief AD |
Shock and disbelief, developing awareness, restitution, idealization |
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Inpatient surgery |
Procedures performed on a client who is admitted to the hospital expected to remain at least overnight and in need of nursing care for more than one day after surgery |
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Inpatient surgery |
Procedures performed on a client who is admitted to the hospital expected to remain at least overnight and in need of nursing care for more than one day after surgery |
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Outpatient surgery |
Ambulatory surgery or same-day surgery operative procedures performed on clients who returned home the same day |
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What does laser stand for |
Light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation |
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What does laser stand for |
Light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation |
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What converts a solid, gas, or liquid to light? Energy from the light is converted to heat, causing vaporization of tissue and coagulation of blood vessels |
Lasers |
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What does laser stand for |
Light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation |
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What converts a solid, gas, or liquid to light? Energy from the light is converted to heat, causing vaporization of tissue and coagulation of blood vessels |
Lasers |
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Considerations for laser surgery |
Safety precautions include goggles, using no alcohol or acetone which are flammable, surgical instruments are coated in black to avoid absorbing scattered light, clients teeth are covered to protect metal fillings no jewelry is allowed |
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What does laser stand for |
Light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation |
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What converts a solid, gas, or liquid to light? Energy from the light is converted to heat, causing vaporization of tissue and coagulation of blood vessels |
Lasers |
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Considerations for laser surgery |
Safety precautions include goggles, using no alcohol or acetone which are flammable, surgical instruments are coated in black to avoid absorbing scattered light, clients teeth are covered to protect metal fillings no jewelry is allowed |
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Define plume |
Substance composed of vaporized tissue carbon dioxide and water, released when laser is used, has a bad odor, burning or itching of ice. |
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Define substituted judgment |
The court believes that if the client had the capacity to consent he would have done so |
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Define substituted judgment |
The court believes that if the client had the capacity to consent he would have done so |
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Define emancipated minors |
Younger than 18, living independently, and supporting themselves |
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Define directed donors |
Blood donors chosen from among the clients relatives and friends, siblings, a male partner of female should not donate blood. Directed donor blood is put back into the blood pool if unused. Autologous banking is discarded if not used |
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What does deep breathing do |
Reduces risk of atelectasis (airless, collapsed lung areas) and pneumonia which is a lung infection. |
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How often do you have your patient use an incentive spirometer |
Up to 10 times per hour |
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Differentiate between a thrombus and embolus |
Thrombus, stationary blood clot. Embolus, mobile blood clot |
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Differentiate between a thrombus and embolus |
Thrombus, stationary blood clot. Embolus, mobile blood clot |
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Types of anesthesia |
General, loss of sensation, reflexes and consciousness.
Regional, interferes with the conduction of sensory motor nerves and impulses to a specific area.
Conscious sedation, clients are stated and relaxed with emotional comfort but are conscious |
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What is the number one most common surgical complication |
Hemorrhage |
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A general term referring to injury |
Trauma |
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A general term referring to injury |
Trauma |
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What type of wound is it in which the surface of the skin or mucous membrane is no longer intact |
An open wound |
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A general term referring to injury |
Trauma |
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What type of wound is it in which the surface of the skin or mucous membrane is no longer intact |
An open wound |
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What type of injury is it when there is no opening in the skin or mucous membrane |
Closed wound |
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Front (Term) |
Just read that |
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Front (Term) |
Just read that |
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Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, neutrophils, and macro phages, monocytes, or types of white blood cells that migrate to the site of the injury and the body produces more and more white blood cells to take their place. What is an increased production of white blood cells |
Leukocytosis |
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A period in which new cells fill and seal a wound occurs from two days to three weeks after the inflammatory phase it is characterized by the appearance of granulation tissue a combination of new blood cells fiberglass and epithelial cells |
Proliferation |
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A tough and inelastic proteins substance |
Collagen |
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A tough and inelastic proteins substance |
Collagen |
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Generally the integrity of skin and damage tissue is restored by |
Resolution, a process by which damage cells recover and reestablish their normal functions. Regeneration, cell duplication. Or scar formation, replacement of damage cells with fibrous scar tissue |
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A period in which the wound undergoes changes and maturation |
Remodeling |
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A period in which the wound undergoes changes and maturation |
Remodeling |
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Sometimes called healing by primary intention, a repaired process in which the wound edges are directly next to each other. Because the space between the windows so small, only a small amount of scar tissue forms. |
First intention healing |
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A period in which the wound undergoes changes and maturation |
Remodeling |
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Sometimes called healing by primary intention, a repaired process in which the wound edges are directly next to each other. Because the space between the windows so small, only a small amount of scar tissue forms. |
First intention healing |
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The wound edges are widely separated, leading to a more time-consuming and complex repaired process. Because the margins of the wound are not in direct contact, the granulation tissue needs additional time to extend across the expanse of the wound. |
Second intention healing |
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A period in which the wound undergoes changes and maturation |
Remodeling |
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Sometimes called healing by primary intention, a repaired process in which the wound edges are directly next to each other. Because the space between the windows so small, only a small amount of scar tissue forms. |
First intention healing |
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The wound edges are widely separated, leading to a more time-consuming and complex repaired process. Because the margins of the wound are not in direct contact, the granulation tissue needs additional time to extend across the expanse of the wound. |
Second intention healing |
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The wound edges are intentionally left widely separated and or later brought together with some type of closure material. Leaves a broad deep scar |
Third intention healing |
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A period in which the wound undergoes changes and maturation |
Remodeling |
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Sometimes called healing by primary intention, a repaired process in which the wound edges are directly next to each other. Because the space between the windows so small, only a small amount of scar tissue forms. |
First intention healing |
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The wound edges are widely separated, leading to a more time-consuming and complex repaired process. Because the margins of the wound are not in direct contact, the granulation tissue needs additional time to extend across the expanse of the wound. |
Second intention healing |
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The wound edges are intentionally left widely separated and or later brought together with some type of closure material. Leaves a broad deep scar |
Third intention healing |
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What is the key to wound healing |
Adequate blood flow in the injured tissue |
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Erosion of tissue from underneath intact skin at the wound edge |
Undermining |
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Erosion of tissue from underneath intact skin at the wound edge |
Undermining |
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Differentiate between slough and necrotic tissue |
Slaw is dead tissue on the wound surface that is moist, stringy, yellow, tan, gray, or green. Necrotic tissue is dry, brown or black devitalized tissue. |
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Erosion of tissue from underneath intact skin at the wound edge |
Undermining |
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Differentiate between slough and necrotic tissue |
Slaw is dead tissue on the wound surface that is moist, stringy, yellow, tan, gray, or green. Necrotic tissue is dry, brown or black devitalized tissue. |
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Separation of wound edges |
Dehiscence |
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Erosion of tissue from underneath intact skin at the wound edge |
Undermining |
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Differentiate between slough and necrotic tissue |
Slaw is dead tissue on the wound surface that is moist, stringy, yellow, tan, gray, or green. Necrotic tissue is dry, brown or black devitalized tissue. |
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Separation of wound edges |
Dehiscence |
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Ideal for covering fresh ones that are likely to bleed or wounds that exude drainage |
Gauze |
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Erosion of tissue from underneath intact skin at the wound edge |
Undermining |
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Differentiate between slough and necrotic tissue |
Slaw is dead tissue on the wound surface that is moist, stringy, yellow, tan, gray, or green. Necrotic tissue is dry, brown or black devitalized tissue. |
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Separation of wound edges |
Dehiscence |
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Ideal for covering fresh ones that are likely to bleed or wounds that exude drainage |
Gauze |
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Commonly used to cover peripheral and central intervenous insertion sites |
Transparent dressings |
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Erosion of tissue from underneath intact skin at the wound edge |
Undermining |
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Differentiate between slough and necrotic tissue |
Slaw is dead tissue on the wound surface that is moist, stringy, yellow, tan, gray, or green. Necrotic tissue is dry, brown or black devitalized tissue. |
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Separation of wound edges |
Dehiscence |
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Ideal for covering fresh ones that are likely to bleed or wounds that exude drainage |
Gauze |
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Commonly used to cover peripheral and central intervenous insertion sites |
Transparent dressings |
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Self adhesive, opaque, air and water occlusive wound coverings |
Hydrocolloid such as DuoDERM and Tegasorb |
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Erosion of tissue from underneath intact skin at the wound edge |
Undermining |
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Differentiate between slough and necrotic tissue |
Slaw is dead tissue on the wound surface that is moist, stringy, yellow, tan, gray, or green. Necrotic tissue is dry, brown or black devitalized tissue. |
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Separation of wound edges |
Dehiscence |
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Ideal for covering fresh ones that are likely to bleed or wounds that exude drainage |
Gauze |
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Commonly used to cover peripheral and central intervenous insertion sites |
Transparent dressings |
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Self adhesive, opaque, air and water occlusive wound coverings |
Hydrocolloid such as DuoDERM and Tegasorb |
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Dressings that contain water and a network of fibers in alginate such as I’ll just say and take a gel, which contain a seaweed component, have similar function. |
Hydrogels |
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Used for chronic wounds, pressure ulcers, transplant and surgical wounds, second degree or higher burns |
Collagen dressings |
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When to change a dressing |
Requires assessment Or care and when the dressing becomes loose or saturated with drainage |
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Define sutures, staples, and adhesives |
Sutures our nodded ties that hold an incision together. Staples are wide metal clips that form a bridge that holds the two and margins together. Adhesive Steri-Strip skin closers also known as butterflies because of their winged appearance can hold a weak incision together temporarily. A bandage is a strip of roll cloth wrapped around a body part. A binder is the type of cloth covered generally applied to a particular body part such as the abdomen or breast |
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The removal of dead tissue from a wound |
Debridement |
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What type of pressure ulcer is intact to put red and or darken skin |
Stage one |
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What type of pressure ulcer is intact to put red and or darken skin |
Stage one |
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What type of pressure ulcer is red and accompanied by blistering or a skin tear, without slough |
Stage two |
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What type of pressure ulcer is intact to put red and or darken skin |
Stage one |
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What type of pressure ulcer is red and accompanied by blistering or a skin tear, without slough |
Stage two |
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What type of pressure ulcer has a hollow skin creator that extends to the subcutaneous tissue, it may be accompanied by serous drainage, undermining, slough, or purulent drainage |
Stage 3 |
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What type of pressure ulcer is intact to put red and or darken skin |
Stage one |
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What type of pressure ulcer is red and accompanied by blistering or a skin tear, without slough |
Stage two |
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What type of pressure ulcer has a hollow skin creator that extends to the subcutaneous tissue, it may be accompanied by serous drainage, undermining, slough, or purulent drainage |
Stage 3 |
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What type of pressure ulcer is deeply ulcerated exposing muscle and bone. Slaw and necrotic tissue may be evident |
Stage 4 |
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In what year was the first course for “attendants for the sick” |
1890 |
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What nursing theory states that an inividual whose natural defenses are influenced by a healthy or unhealthy environment, a state in which the environment is optimal for the natural body to process and achieve repaired if outcomes. All external conditions capable of preventing, suppressing, or contributing to disease or death. Putting the client in the best condition for nature to act. |
The environmental theory, theorized by Florence Nightingale from 1820–1910 |
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What nursing theory states that an inividual whose natural defenses are influenced by a healthy or unhealthy environment, a state in which the environment is optimal for the natural body to process and achieve repaired if outcomes. All external conditions capable of preventing, suppressing, or contributing to disease or death. Putting the client in the best condition for nature to act. |
The environmental theory, theorized by Florence Nightingale from 1820–1910 |
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Which nursing theory states that an individual with human needs that have unique meaning and value, the ability to independently satisfy human needs composed of 14 basic physical, psychological, and social elements. The setting in which a person learns unique patterns for living. Temporary assisting a person who lacks the necessary strength, well, and knowledge to satisfy one or more of 14 basic needs. People have basic needs that are components of health. The significance and value of these needs are unique to each person. |
The basic needs theory, developed by Virginia Henderson from 1897 to 1996 |
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What nursing theory states that an inividual whose natural defenses are influenced by a healthy or unhealthy environment, a state in which the environment is optimal for the natural body to process and achieve repaired if outcomes. All external conditions capable of preventing, suppressing, or contributing to disease or death. Putting the client in the best condition for nature to act. |
The environmental theory, theorized by Florence Nightingale from 1820–1910 |
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Which nursing theory states that an individual with human needs that have unique meaning and value, the ability to independently satisfy human needs composed of 14 basic physical, psychological, and social elements. The setting in which a person learns unique patterns for living. Temporary assisting a person who lacks the necessary strength, well, and knowledge to satisfy one or more of 14 basic needs. People have basic needs that are components of health. The significance and value of these needs are unique to each person. |
The basic needs theory, developed by Virginia Henderson from 1897 to 1996 |
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What nursing theory was developed on the basis that an individual who uses self-care to sustain life and health, recover from disease or injury, or cope with its affects. The result of practices that people have learned to carry out on their own behalf to maintain life and well-being. External elements with which people interact in a struggle to maintain self-care. |
The self care theory, developed by Dorothea Orem, 1914 to 2007 |
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What nursing theory states that an inividual whose natural defenses are influenced by a healthy or unhealthy environment, a state in which the environment is optimal for the natural body to process and achieve repaired if outcomes. All external conditions capable of preventing, suppressing, or contributing to disease or death. Putting the client in the best condition for nature to act. |
The environmental theory, theorized by Florence Nightingale from 1820–1910 |
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Which nursing theory states that an individual with human needs that have unique meaning and value, the ability to independently satisfy human needs composed of 14 basic physical, psychological, and social elements. The setting in which a person learns unique patterns for living. Temporary assisting a person who lacks the necessary strength, well, and knowledge to satisfy one or more of 14 basic needs. People have basic needs that are components of health. The significance and value of these needs are unique to each person. |
The basic needs theory, developed by Virginia Henderson from 1897 to 1996 |
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What nursing theory was developed on the basis that an individual who uses self-care to sustain life and health, recover from disease or injury, or cope with its affects. The result of practices that people have learned to carry out on their own behalf to maintain life and well-being. External elements with which people interact in a struggle to maintain self-care. |
The self care theory, developed by Dorothea Orem, 1914 to 2007 |
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What nursing theory devices that a social, mental, spiritual, and physical being affected by stimuli in the internal and external environments, a persons ability to adapt to changes in the environment, internal and external forces in a continuous state of change. A humanitarian art and expanding science that manipulates in modify stimuli to promote and facilitate humans ability to adapt. Humans are biopsychosocial beings a change in one component results in adaptive changes in the others. |
The adaptation theory, developed by sister Calista Roy, 1939- |
