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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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During the early years of its professional development, ______ was/were more influenced by holistic/quality of life-based philosophy.
A. PT B OT C. Both PT/OT |
B. OT
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__________ did not exist as a profession in any another country before it developed
in the U.S. A. PT B. OT C. both PT/OT |
B. OT
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During the early years of its professional development, ________was/were more
aligned with medicine and the traditional medical model. A. PT B. OT C. both |
A. PT
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During the 20's and 30's the professional association for ________formalized and
developed standardized educational curriculum. A. PT B. OT C. both |
C. both
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As reconstruction aides, __________used modalities to treat the injuries of soldiers, and as a result, wore short-sleeved uniforms.
A. PT B. OT C. both |
A. PT
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The values, concepts, and even some interventions are very old for ____________.
A. PT B. OT C. both |
C. both
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As reconstruction aides, ____________ used mental or physical activity, including
arts and crafts and vocational interests as intervention. A. PT B. OT C. both |
B. OT
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Women looking for an alternative to the typical domestic lifestyles of the early
20th century volunteered as reconstruction aides during WWI for _______________ A. PT B. OT C. both |
C. both
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Historically, ___________were directed by psychiatrists to provide moral/humane treatment for people with mental illness.
A. PT B. OT C. both |
B. OT
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During WWII, _______________responded to personnel demands and became
members of the Women's Medical Specialist Corps. A. PT B. OT C. both |
C. both
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The National Infantile Paralysis Association (later the March of Dimes) attempted to meet the need for _____________by offering scholarships
A. PT B. OT C. both |
A. PT
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Shortly after WWII, large federal grants resulted in the building of 1,000s of
hospitals in large and small communities throughout the U.S., resulting in major increases in the need for physical therapists and occupational therapists in hospitals with over 100 beds, best describes: A. Taft Hartley Act B. Hill-Burton Act C. WWII Hospital Reconstruction Act D. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Act |
B. Hill-Burton Act
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Entitlements that provide services to older adults, children, poor people, and people with disabilities have had a significant impact on the demand for __________________.
A. PT B. OT C. both |
C. both
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The OUHSC curriculum for _____________ places an emphasis on restorative versus compensatory intervention
A. PT B. OT C. both |
A. PT
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Core values, code(s) of ethics, standards of practice, and licensure act(s) are the
professional documents that define practice for ______________. A. PT B. OT C. both |
C. both
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Which of the following settings was the first to receive payment on the basis of a prospective payment system (PPS) and provided a model for PPS in other settings for well over a decade before the BBA '97?
A. inpatient hospitalization B. inpatient rehab |
A. inpatient hospitalization
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This policy has been and will continue to be the most important to reimbursement for occupational therapy and physical therapy services
A. Balanced Budget Act 1997 B. Medicare C. Medicaid D. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act '87 |
B. medicare
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This policy pays for the day-to-day care of over half of the long term care facility residents in the U.S, but does not pay for rehabilitation
A. BBA '97 B. Medicaid C. Medicare D. OBRA '87 |
D. OBRA '87
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Supporting a "free and appropriate public education" for all children is the primary objective of ______ and therapy services are established for the school year by establishing an _______________?
A. ADA; Individualized Accessibility Plan (IAP) B. IDEA; individualized family services plan (IFSP) C. IDEA; individualized education plan (IEP) D. ADA; individualized Education plan |
C. IDEA; individualized education plan (IEP)
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In order to determine payment prospectively, which of the following policies established the use of standardized assessments (in all but one of the settings) where adults over 65 receive rehabilitation services?
A. ADA B. BBA '97 |
B. BBA '97
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OT & PT can provide services under Medicare A or B in what setting?
A. home health B. Outpatient rehab C. skilled nursing |
A. home health
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__________ of ___________mandates early intervention services for children 0-2 years of age.
A. Part A; ADA B. Part C; IDEA C. Part B; Medicaid D. Part C; no child left behind act |
B. Part C; IDEA
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Primary care physicians or case managers are the gatekeepers for insurance recipients' ability to access occupational therapy and physical therapy services often refusing a person's desire to see an out-of-network therapist. This statement best describes the constraints placed on OT & PT services by:
A. fee-for-service systems B. retrospective payment systems C. prospective payment systems D. managed care payment systems |
D. managed care payment systems
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_______ is the usual "point of entry" for OT & PT services on the health care continuum and therapy services are funded by________ as determined by ________.
A. Inpatient hospitalization; Medicare A; DRG B. Inpatient rehab; Medicare B; IRF-PAI C. Outpatient rehab; medicare B; ICD-9 and CPT codes D. skilled nursing facilities; medicare A; MDS |
A. inpatient hospitalization; Medicare A; DRG
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In order to preserve a person's Medicare B benefits, if an individual needs additional time for recovery before receiving intensive rehabilitation, what is your best recommendation?
A. out-patient rehab B. skilled nursing facility |
B. SNF
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Defines "reasonable accommodations" and other basic aspects of accessibility required by law for places of employment and the community
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ADA
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Knowing that the provision for OT & PT services varies from state to state is important for which of the following policies?
A. IDEA B. Medicare C. medicaid D. OBRA '87 |
C. medicaid
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Which policy insures that people who can live in the community cannot be forced to remain in an institution?
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Olmstead Decision
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The criteria for services in ______________ is often based on the person's ability to tolerate three hours of therapy daily and funding for OT & PT services is supported by ___________ and determined by the ____________________.
A. inpatient hospitalization; Medicare A; DRG B. inpatient rehab; Medicare B; IRF-PAI C. outpatient rehab; Medicare B; ICD-9 and CPT codes D. SNF; Medicare A; MDS |
B. inpatient rehab; Medicare B; IRF-PAI
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Although CMS has placed limits on reimbursement in this setting, it is the only setting that does not require an initial standardized assessment (yet).
A. home health B. inpatient rehab C. oupatient rehab D. SNF |
C. outpatient rehab
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Of the following true statements about the Balanced Budget Act '97, which one reflects the greatest impact on OT & PT services?
A. The BBA '97 supercedes all other laws; thus, nursing homes no longer have the responsibility for meeting OBRA standards. B. The BBA '97 was designed to control Medicare spending through the expansion of the PPS system throughout the health care continuum. C. The BBA '97 imposed the PPS on in-patient rehabilitation services in Jan.2002. D. The BBA '97 established the $1,500 cap for outpatient services. |
B. The BBA '97 was designed to control Medicare spending through the expansion of the PPS system throughout the health care continuum.
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The $1,500 cap (now $1,860) was initially instituted as part of the BBA '97 and applies to ___________ and is funded by ____________.
A. inpatient rehab; medicare B B. SNF; Medicare A C. outpatient rehab; Medicare B D. inpatient rehab and outpatient rehab; medicare B |
C. outpatient rehab; medicare B
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Medicare C/Medicare Advantage Choice is best described as:
A. Fee-for-services provided by any physician and paid by Medicare on the basis of a fee schedule using diagnosis and service codes B. Fee-for-services provided by any physician and paid by Medicare on the basis of "reasonable and allowable cost" C. Enrollment in a managed care alternative subsidized by Medicare to provide all standard care D. Option to take Medicare funds and individually spend for choice of various health care services |
C. Enrollment in a managed care alternative subsidized by Medicare to provide all standard care
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Which of the following CMS "rules" changed the emphasis of in-patient rehabilitation to providing rehabilitation primarily for neurological diagnoses and other complicated conditions, by requiring that most people with uncomplicated joint replacements receive rehab in out-patient settings?
A. CPT to ICD-10 matching rule B. 75% rule C. DRG rule D. IRF-PAI rule |
B 75% rule
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When providing out-patient services, therapists receive payment from CMS based on the match between ____________and _____________?
A. DRG codes and CPT codes B. CPT codes and the IRF-PAI C. ICD-10 codes and CPT codes D. ICD-10 codes and cap exemptions |
C. ICD-10 codes and CPT codes
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Policies like PPS are probably the most influential _________ characteristics of team model development.
A organizational B. team C. individual D. environmental |
D. environmental
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A team using the interdisciplinary model for team interaction is more likely to be a(n) ____________ and the operative word is ___________.
A. high performance team; shared B. low performance team; across C. real team; shared D. unreal team; separate |
A. high performance team; shared
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Which team model is least "probable" when productivity standards to be met by therapists establishing the number of minutes or billable hours results in competition between disciplines?
A. interdisciplinary B. multidisciplinary C. transdisciplinary |
C. transdisciplinary
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The most likely team models in most medical model rehab settings; i.e., are ________
and ____________. A. interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary B. multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary C. multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary |
C. multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary
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Communication in a(n) ________________ team model is more likely to be done as
needed, on the run, or informally as in the __________ setting A. interdisciplinary; inpatient rehab B. multidisciplinary; inpatient hospital C. transdisciplinary; school system |
B. multidisciplinary; inpatient hospital
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The best way to determine the team model of any setting is to look at the relationship
between which of the following: A. formal and informal team B. real team and high performance team C. individual, team, environmental characteristics of the team D. personal and professional standards of the team |
C. individual, team, environmental characteristics of the team
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Accepting the values, beliefs, and moral standards of the team members and the team
as well as accepting responsibility for the team and its members are examples of ____________ characteristics required by _____________ teams. A. individual; real B. team; high performance C. individual; high performance D. team; real |
C. individual; high performance
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The primary reason transdisciplinary teams cannot exist in a Medicare/PPS environments is/are ____________.
A. an unwillingness to change by the practice environment B. team members cannot communicate freely w/ one another C. expectation that reimbursement supports discipline specific services D. bc the pts are not able to participate as members of the team |
C. the expectation that reimbursement supports discipline specific services
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The defining characteristic of transdisciplinary teams is __________ disciplines or ___________
A. across; role reversal B. shared; role release C. shared; role reversal D. across; role release |
D. across; role release
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Assessments that are done separately by discipline and then used to establish a single intervention plan in which the team then determines each member's role in helping a patient reach their goals is most descriptive of a ____________________ team model required as an accreditation standard in the _________________________ setting.
A. multidisciplinary; inpatient hospital B. unidisciplinary; outpatient rehab C. interdisciplinary; inpatient rehab D. transdisciplinary; school based |
C. interdisciplinary; inpatient rehab
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Using the concepts, postulates, and premises to make decisions about what assessments and intervention applies best to people with specific deficits and dysfunction often in specific practice settings, best describes:
A. FoR B. Models C. theories D. hypotheses |
A. FoR
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A basic ___________________ intervention strategy for use in the neurodevelopmental frame of reference is to ___________________:
A. remedial; help a person interact with the environment through the integration of vestibular, tactile, and proprioceptive input. B. restorative; facilitating normal proximal support and postural alignment before working on distal movements necessary for function C. compensatory; help a person change their thought patterns about themselves and the world. D. adaptive; provide feedback so the person has knowledge of results and knowledge performance. |
B. restorative; facilitating normal proximal support and postural alignment before
working on distal movements necessary for function |
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The "primary" senses according to A. Jean Ayres include ____________, which makes sensory integration a _________ approach.
A. balance, posture, and tactile; bottom up B. balance, vestibular, and posture; top down C. proprioception, posture, and tactile; top down D. proprioception, vestibular, and tactile; bottom up |
D. proprioception, vestibular, and tactile; bottom up
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Mrs. Brown recently had back surgery for a chronic condition. In the past year she has not been able to do her normal activities and as a result she is physically debilitated. She was initially worried that she would never be able to do the things that she has done in the past, but after an initial healing period and then assessment to determine her impairments; she received outpatient intervention and regained her ability to function. This case scenario best describes the ____________frame of reference, which is a _____________ approach to intervention:
A. rehabilitative; "top-down" B. Motor learning; top down C. biomechanical; bottom up D. neurodevelopmental; bottom up |
C. biomechanical; bottom up
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(T/F) Having evolved from sensory integration theory, sensory processing is a "top down
approach that uses intervention that is largely restorative and remedial. |
False
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For a child with cerebral palsy, the intervention plan includes putting the child in prone over a bolster to facilitate normal righting reactions/reflexes for improved walking. The approach for intervention and the most likely frame of reference is:
A. top down and neurodevelopmental B. bottom up and SI C. bottom up and neurodevelopmental D. top down and motor learning |
C. bottom up and neurodevelopmental
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Intervention based on sensory processing requires:
A. child's active participation B. introducing a puposeful activity C. following the child's lead (being child directed) D. est. strategies to compensate for the child's response to sensory info E. all of the above |
E. all of the above
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For a person with a stroke, the intervention plan includes problem solving and practice getting in and out of the car, off and on the toilet, from different sides and surfaces in different situations. The approach for intervention and the most likely frame of reference is:
A. top down and motor learning B. top down and rehabilitative C. bottom up and biomechanical D. bottom up and motor learning |
A. top down and motor learning
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For a child with attention deficit disorder, the intervention plan includes positive reinforcement through a reward system to encourage appropriate classroom behavior. The ICF domain for intervention and the most likely frame of reference is:
A. activity limitations and sensory processing B. participation and behaviorism C. impairments and behaviorism D. participation and sensory processing |
B. participation and behaviorism
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A client states she understands her diabetes will improve if she loses weight and exercises. She plans to start soon. What theory/model/frame of reference would best help you establish an intervention plan?
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transtheoretical
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When differentiating between a therapist and an assistant, one key element discussed in class is:
A. difference in salary B. application of skills for intervention C. use of techs D. use of theory to determine intervention |
D. use of theory to determine interventions
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A systems model (using a Venn diagram) that represents the relationship between practice, intermittent feedback, and modeling best describes the ______________ frame of reference, which is a ____________ intervention approach.
A. motor learning; top down B. behaviorism; bottom up C. motor learning; bottom up D. behaviorism; top down E. rehabilitative; top down |
A. motor learning; top down
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Starting out by assessing impairments and then providing intervention to "fix" these impairments best describes the ____________ to evaluation and intervention, best illustrated in the _______________ frame of reference:
A. top down; motor learning B. bottom up; sensory processing C. bottom up; biomechanical D. top down; rehabilitative |
C. bottom up; biomechanical
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Identify the false statement about theory.
A. theory helps determine appropriate intervention for people w/ specific needs B. theory practitioners communicate with one another by speaking through a common language C. theory helps a profession develop one ultimate theory to define the profession D. theory helps keep professions up-to-date through research designed to test theory |
C. theory helps a profession develop one ultimate theory to define the profession
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Defined as the perception that people who are most successful changing their health
believe in their ability to change their specific behaviors necessary to change their health, _____________________ is one of the primary constructs of the transtheoretical model of change. A. stages of change B. processes of change C. self-efficacy D. decisional balance |
C. self-efficacy
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The transition of becoming a member of the Occupational/Physical Therapy profession will be easiest if:
A. you discard your personal values, beliefs and morals for those of your profession B. your personal values, beliefs and morals already coincide with those of your profession C. you ignore the values, beliefs and morals of the profession for your own D. you possess diversely different values, beliefs and morals that those of your profession |
B. your personal values, beliefs, and morals already coincide with those of your profession
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Which document explicitly states the clinical responsibilities of the therapist?
A. standards of practice B. guide to professional conduct C. state practice act D. federal register |
A. standards of practice
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Which document explicitly states the moral responsibilities of the therapist?
A. generic abilities B. practice act C. code of ethics D. standards of practice |
C. code of ethics
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A breech of which document is illegal for all therapists?
A. core values B. company policy C. generic abilities D. practice act |
D. practice act
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What determines who can legally represent themselves as OTs or
PTs? A. standards of practice B. code of ethics C. company policy D. practice act |
D. practice act
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What document is designed to protect consumers from unsafe practices?
A. federal register B. practice act C. code of ethics D. core values |
B. practice act
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(T/F) The Occupational and Physical Therapy Advisory Committees report to the Occupational and Physical Therapy Associations respectively.
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False
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(T/F) The tenets of the Code of Ethics are only meant for those therapists who are members of the professional associations eg, The American Occupational Therapy Association/American Physical Therapy Association
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False
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Another name that is commonly used when referring to the documents you used to complete AO
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core documents
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(T/F) A ruling made by the American Occupational Therapy Association's Ethics Commission is a law that is binding on all members of the occupational therapy profession.
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False
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Which of the following is true regarding Confidentiality?
A. it is founds within the code of ethics for both OT & PT B. Nice but not essential when practicing in some therapy settings. C. only binding on members of the professional assoc. D. it is a core value |
A. it is founds within the code of ethics for both OT & PT
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(T/F) Being arrested for driving a boat while intoxicated between the summer of Year 2 & 3 of Therapy School is a reason to not be granted permission to sit for the licensure examination.
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True
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The requirements regarding the appropriate utilization and supervision of an occupational therapy assistant and/or physical therapist assistant in all settings in a given state are explicitly described in:
A. core values B. code of ethics C. medicare laws D. practice act |
D. practice act
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You arrive at a clinical/fieldwork site for an assigned rotation to learn that the OT/PT supervising therapist has had an emergency and will not be at work. A licensed therapy assistant will be working with you instead. Which of the following documents will govern specifically what you do next as a student OT/PT?
A. medicare law B. clinical education/fieldwork manual C. code of ethics D. policy manual |
B. clinical education/fieldwork manual
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You arrive at a clinical/fieldwork site for an assigned rotation to learn that the OT/PT supervising therapist has had an emergency and will not be at work. A licensed therapy assistant will be working with you instead. Which of the following documents will govern specifically what the therapy assistant eg, COTA/PTA can do?
A. medicare law B. clinical education/fieldwork manual C. code of ethics D. practice act |
D. practice act
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Which of the following statement takes precedence in the hierarchy of thinking regardless of the Ethical Decision Making Model that is being utilized?
A. Which core value is involved? B. what ethical theory is at stake? C. is autonomy being upheld D. is there a law being broken? |
D. is there a law being broken?
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Moral courage as defined in class:
A. using ethical principles to consider what are right and wrong actions B. recognizing an ethical situation exists C. prioritizing the patients best interests before personal financial gain D. taking action even though it may cause adversity |
D. taking action even though it may cause adversity
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A clinical example of moral
courage is: A. realizing that announcing info about a patient in front of other patient in the gym is a breach of ethical/legal conduct B. wrestling in you mind between getting involved vs looking the other way when you are aware of an ethical violation C. privately speaking to a coworker about their disclosure of personal identifying info in front of other patients D> contemplating whether "speaking up" is more important than receiving "employee of the month" votes from your coworkers |
C.privately speaking to a coworker about their disclosure of personal identifying info in front of other patients
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What is the first step in the “Five Step Process to Ethical Decision Making” (adapted from Bailey & Schwartzber, 2003)?
A. read the practice act B. decide which ethical principles are in question C. choose an action you can defend D. gather all the facts |
D. gather all the facts
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The most prevailing document to review in order to determine possible action plans when gathering the facts pertaining to the role and utilization of therapist assistants?
A. company policy B. administrative code from Practice act C. code of ethics D. standards of care |
B. admin code from state practice act
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Which Ethical Principle is the most important consideration regarding a patient “having the right to be a fully informed participant in all aspects of their care”?
A. autonomy B. justice C. fidelity D. competency |
A. autonomy
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(T/F) Complying with an administrator’s direction to write a “positive response” letter in reply to a family member complaint regardless of what happened is a requirement of our Code of Ethics.
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False
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Which Contemporary Ethical Theory is best described as “the greatest good with the least harm”?
A. rules based B. ends based C. care based D. deontologic |
B. ends based
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If brought before the Licensure Board for an ethical complaint, we would be judged by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. the law as defined by our practice act B. "reasonably prudent person" theory C. company policy manual D. code of ethics |
C. company policy manual
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(T/F) Professionals are expected to have a lack of self interest.
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True
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The Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (HIPAA)is a ________ law and pertains to ________ ethical principle:
A. state; autonomy B. state; confidentiality C. federal; autonomy D. federal; confidentiality |
D. federal; confidentiality
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“Determines right & wrong conduct”; “explicitly describes how a member of the profession is expected to behave”; “each principle must be applied in a situation-specific manner” describes what document?
A. code of ethics B. practice act C. core values D. admin codes |
A. code of ethics
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Foregoing the opportunity to cheat although you really need to make an “A” is an example of what type of ethical situation as described by Purtillo (2005) & Kidder (1995)?
A. temptation B. Duress C. Dilemma D. Silence |
A. temptation
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Telling a group of classmates that your Clinical Instructor is out of date and unethical is a breach of which ethical principle?
A. autonomy B. justice C. nonmaleficence D. fidelity |
D. fidelity
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