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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sensation
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def: detecting and encoding enviromental energy
ex: heat from a rock rc: neurons |
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Perception
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def: selecting, organizing, and interpereting sensations
ex: deciding how big something is rc: sensation |
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Bottem-up Processing
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def: basic sensory analysis
ex: 'what is it?' rc:neural networks |
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Top-down Processing
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def: using perceptions to draw conclusions
ex:'its snowing, so it must be cold' rc: perception |
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Psychophysics
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def: the study of how physical energy influences our psychological experience
ex:how intense something is rc:sensation |
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Absolute Threshold
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def: the minimum stimulation needed to detect stimuli
ex:minimum sleep needed to stay awake rc: neurons |
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Signal Detection Theory
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def:predicts when we detect weak signals
ex:false alarms rc:subliminal stimuli |
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Subliminal
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def:below threshold stimuli
ex:hidden commercial messages rc: abs. threshold |
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Difference Threshold
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def: minimum diff. a person can detect stimuli
ex:diff weight rc:abs. threshold |
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Weber's Law
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def: principle that 2 stimuli must have a minimum percentage diff
ex:2 sounds rc:diff. threshold |
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Sensory Adaptions
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def: diminishing sensitivity to a constant stimulus
ex: feeling like you are freezing but being ok a few minutes later rc: sensitivity |
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Transduction
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def:process by which stimuli become neural messages
ex: dogs are color-blind rc:neurons |
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Wavelength
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def: jump from one wave peak to another
ex: wave crest/swell rc:physical science |
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Hue
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def: the color we see
ex:blue rc: ROY G BIV |
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Intensity
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def:amount of energy in light waves
ex: brightness rc: amplitude |
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Pupil
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def: adjustable opening in the eye's center
ex:lens on a battery rc: dilation |
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Iris
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def: a colored muscle surrounding the pupil
ex: cerebral cortex on the brain rc: pupil |
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Lens
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def:structure that changes shape to help the retina see
ex:camera rc: pixels |
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Accomodation
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def:when the lens changes curvature
ex:inflating a balloon rc:lens |
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Retina
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def:light sensitive inner eye
ex:image processing rc:lens |
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Acuity
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def:sharpness of vision
ex:20/20 vision rc:lens |
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Nearsightedness
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def:a condition where you can only see close up
ex:only reading a book rc:farsightedness |
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Farsightedness
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def:a condition where you can only see far away
ex:only seeing signs rc:nearsightedness |
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Rods
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def:receptors that detect hues of black
ex:puppies can't see color rc:hue |
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Cones
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def: receptor cells in the retina
ex:give details rc:rods |
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Optic Nerve
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def:nerve that carries neural impulses to the eye
ex:telephone wires rc:axons |
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Blind Spot
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def:where the optic nerve leaves the eye
ex:blinders on a horse rc:optic nerve |
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Fovea
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def:focal point in the retina
ex:lens rc:retina |
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Feature Detectors
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def:nerve cells that detect features
ex:details rc:optic nerve |
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Parallel Processing
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def:processing several parts of a problem at once
ex:vision rc:parietal lobe |
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Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory
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def:the retina contains 3 color receptors
ex:stoplight rc:retina |
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Opponent Process theory
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def:opposing retina processes enable color vision
ex:analogous color scheme rc:thalamus |
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Color Constancy
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def:perceiving known objects as having a constant color
ex:a carrot is orange rc:retina |
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Audition
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def:hearing
ex:auditory rc:ear |
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Frequency
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def:number of wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
ex:soundwaves rc:science |
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Pitch
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def:a sounds highness or lowness
ex:chorus rc:frequency |
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Middle Ear
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def:area between eardrum and cochlea
ex:mantle rc:inner ear |
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Inner Ear
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def:innermost ear part
ex:earths core rc:cochlea |
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Cochlea
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def:coiled fluid filled tube in the inner ear
ex:telephone rc:inner ear |
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Place Theory
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def:we hear different sounds b/c the cochlea is triggered at different places
ex:harp strings rc:cochlea |
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Frequency Theory
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def:rate of traveling nerve impulses determine pitch
ex:harp strings rc:pitch |
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Conduction Hearing Loss
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def:mechanical system damage
ex:eardrum punctures rc:eardrum |
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Sensorineural Hearing Loss
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def:nerve deafness
ex:ear-splitting noise rc:deafness |
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Gate-Control Theory
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def:spinal chord has a gate that lets neurons through
ex:corral rc:pain |
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Sensory Interaction
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def:one sense influences another
ex:flavor rc:taste |
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Kinesthesis
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def:system for sensing body parts
ex:phantom limd rc:neurons |
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Vestibular Sense
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def:sense of body movement and position
ex:balance rc:cerebellum |
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Selective Attention
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def:focusing conscious on one stimulus
ex:pain rc:neurons |
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Visual Capture
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def: tendency for vision to be the dominating sense
ex: riding a rollar coaster rc: vision |
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Gestalt
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def: an organized whole
ex:grouping facts rc:grouping |
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Figure-Ground
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def:organizing vision so figures stand out from their surroundings
ex:a pop of color rc:retina |
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Grouping
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def:grouping like stimuli together
ex:noises in one ear versus another rc:neural networks |
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Depth Perception
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def:ability to see objects in 3D
ex:distance rc:painting |
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Visual Cliff
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def:testing infants depth perception
ex:Gibson and Walk rc:depth perception |
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Binocular Cues
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def:depth cues needing both eyes
ex:convergence rc:retina |
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Monocular Cues
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def:depth cues using one eye
ex:linear perspective rc:binocular cues |
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Retinal Disparity
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def:difference between 2 images
ex:picture difference puzzles rc:binocular cue |
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Convergence
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def:binocular cue for depth
ex:nearsightedness rc:depth perception |
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Phi Phenomenon
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def:illusion of movement caused by light
ex:blinking lights rc: optical illusions |
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Perceptual Constancy
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def:perceiving objects as unchanging
ex:a square rc:retinal disparity |
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Perceptual Adaptation
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def:ability to adjust to new visual situations
ex:lights on/off rc:retinal disparity |
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Perceptual Set
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def:percieving one thing over another
ex:inattentional blindness rc:grouping |
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Human Factor Psychology
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def:studying how humans and machines interact
ex:designing appliances rc:psychology |
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Extrasensory Perception
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def:claim that perception happens seperatly from senses
ex:clairovoyancy rc:perception |
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Parapsychology
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def:study of paranormal phenomena
ex:psychokinesis rc:extrasensory perception |
