Coms 130 Final

Front 1

Persuasive Purposes

Back 1

strengthen commitment
weaken commitment
convert
induce specific action

Front 2

rhetorical proof

Back 2

situational
dependent on audience
subjective

Front 3

mathematical

Back 3

concrete

Front 4

toulmin argument primary triad

Back 4

claim-position on an issue
fact- smoking causes cancer
value- moral or ethics (abortion)
policy- agency or group should do something
data- evidence
warrant- logical claim between data and evidence
substantive-fills in logic/reasoning
authoritative- rely on expert for reasoning
motivational- audience values

Front 5

toulmin argument secondary triad

Back 5

data for warrant (second warrant)
reservation-rebuttal-exception to the claim presented by the arguer
qualifier- how strongly you will defend claim(1,2 words like occasionally, probably, likely)
needs to be included in claim

Front 6

enthymene

Back 6

Claim
Data
2 Argument
Assume audience can fill in reasoning (audience dependent)
Best -> Topical organizational pattern
Example:
1st its affordable
2nd it helps everyday lives

Front 7

purpose of ceremonial speeches

Back 7

epideictic – strengthen bond between audience

Front 8

strategies in ceremonial speeches

Back 8

1. Identification – what values you and audience share
2. Magnification – making something feel larger then life
Increases significance of the topic

Front 9

Aristotle’s Three Modes of Proof

Back 9

1. The credibility of the speaker (ethos)
2. The emotional appeals to the audience (pathos)
3. The well-reasoned and logically supported discourse (logos)

Front 10

inoculation

Back 10

give a little bit of other argument and refute the position (like vaccinate)

Front 11

ethical schools

Back 11

Consequentialism– outcomes
Utilitarianism – Make decision on greatest good for greatest number of people
Deontology – based on means – some things are right and some are wrong
Amoralism – There is not an ethical code – self interested (ends only)
Egalitarianism – golden rule (means only)

Front 12

tips for speaking and listening ethically

Back 12

Showing respect to each other
putting yourself in the other groups' shoes
be honest
don't plagiarize
be informed

Front 13

informative organizational patterns

Back 13

Chronological – timeline or time eras/periods
Spatial – Examples – order of planets

Front 14

persuasive organizational patterns

Back 14

Categorical - organized by topic
Compare/contrast
Cause-effect
Problem-solution
Refutation
Monroe’s Motivational Sequence

Front 15

6 characteristics of main points

Back 15

1. Simplicity – simple topic sentence
2. Discreteness
3. Parallel Structure
4. Balance – points must feel equal (time and significance)
5. Coherence – ideas need to be related
6. Completeness

Front 16

cite sources orally

Back 16

author
authors qualifications
publication date

Front 17

different types of Supporting Materials

Back 17

1. Personal experience
2. Common knowledge – beliefs and values that members of a society or culture generally share
3. Direct observation
4. Examples – brief example, hypothetical example, anecdote, and case study
5. Documents – primary source that can establish a claim directly, without opinion or speculation
6. Statistics – numbers recording the extent of something or frequency it occurs
7. Testimony – information or an opinion expressed by someone other than the speaker

Front 18

delivery styles

Back 18

1.Extemporaneous – speech is planned and structured carefully but a specific text is not written in advance nor memorized
2.Manuscript – speaker reads aloud the prepared text of the speech
3.Impromptu – speaker has done little or no specific preparation for the speech
4.Memorized – speaker pays close attention to a prepared text and commits it to memory

Front 19

five parts of intro

Back 19

1. Attention Getter
2. Relevancy – relative to audience
3. Ethos – making you sound credible
4. Thesis – 1 sentence of what you will do
5. Preview – outline each topic in order

Front 20

four parts of conclusion

Back 20

1. Transition to close
2. Restate Thesis – thesis in past tense, same order
3. Restate Preview – past tense, same order
4. Memorable Close – can reference attention getter

Front 21

body

Back 21

Topic sentence
two or three supporting material
transition