Computers, Chapter 6

Front 1

System Unit/Chassis

Back 1

The case on a desktop that contains and protects the motherboard, hard drive, memory, and other electronic components

Front 2

Motherboard/System Board

Back 2

The main circuit board of the computer

Front 3

Chip

Back 3

Small piece of semiconducting material, usually silicon, on which integrated circuits are etched

Front 4

Integrated Circuit

Back 4

Contains many microscopic pathways capable of carrying electrical current

Front 5

Transistor

Back 5

Acts as an electronic switch that opens or closes the circuit for electrical charges

Front 6

Methods of securing computers and mobile devices

Back 6

-Clamps, cables, and locks

-Ultrasonic sensors

-Tracking software

-Asset tags

-Personal safes

Front 7

Processor/Central Processing Unit

Back 7

Interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer

Front 8

Microprocessor

Back 8

Refers to a personal computer processor chip

Front 9

Multi-core Processor

Back 9

A single chip with two or more separate processor cores

Front 10

Control Unit

Back 10

Component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer.

Front 11

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Back 11

Component of the processor that performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations.

Front 12

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Back 12

Component of the processor that performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations.

Front 13

Arithmetic Operations

Back 13

Basic calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Front 14

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Back 14

Component of the processor that performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations.

Front 15

Arithmetic Operations

Back 15

Basic calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Front 16

Comparison Operations

Back 16

Involve comparing one data item with another to determine whether the first item is greater than, equal to, or less than the other item.

Front 17

Machine Cycle

Back 17

The repeat every processor goes through:

1) fetching

2) decoding

3) executing

4) storing

Front 18

Machine Cycle

Back 18

The repeat every processor goes through:

1) fetching

2) decoding

3) executing

4) storing

Front 19

Fetching

Back 19

The process of obtaining a program or an application instruction or data item from memory

Front 20

Machine Cycle

Back 20

The repeat every processor goes through:

1) fetching

2) decoding

3) executing

4) storing

Front 21

Fetching

Back 21

The process of obtaining a program or an application instruction or data item from memory

Front 22

Decoding

Back 22

Refers to the process of translating the instruction into signals the computer can execute

Front 23

Machine Cycle

Back 23

The repeat every processor goes through:

1) fetching

2) decoding

3) executing

4) storing

Front 24

Fetching

Back 24

The process of obtaining a program or an application instruction or data item from memory

Front 25

Decoding

Back 25

Refers to the process of translating the instruction into signals the computer can execute

Front 26

Executing

Back 26

Process of carrying out the commands

Front 27

Machine Cycle

Back 27

The repeat every processor goes through:

1) fetching

2) decoding

3) executing

4) storing

Front 28

Fetching

Back 28

The process of obtaining a program or an application instruction or data item from memory

Front 29

Decoding

Back 29

Refers to the process of translating the instruction into signals the computer can execute

Front 30

Executing

Back 30

Process of carrying out the commands

Front 31

Storing

Back 31

Writing the result to memory

Front 32

Registers

Back 32

Small, high-speed storage locations that temporarily hold data and instructions

Front 33

Registers

Back 33

Small, high-speed storage locations that temporarily hold data and instructions

Front 34

System Clock

Back 34

Small, quartz circuit that controls the timing of all computer operations

Front 35

Registers

Back 35

Small, high-speed storage locations that temporarily hold data and instructions

Front 36

System Clock

Back 36

Small, quartz circuit that controls the timing of all computer operations

Front 37

Clock cycle

Back 37

Each tick of a clock

Front 38

Super scalar

Back 38

Processors that can execute more than one instruction per clock cycle

Front 39

Super scalar

Back 39

Processors that can execute more than one instruction per clock cycle

Front 40

Clock Speed

Back 40

Pace of a system clock; measured by ticks per second

Front 41

Super scalar

Back 41

Processors that can execute more than one instruction per clock cycle

Front 42

Clock Speed

Back 42

Pace of a system clock; measured by ticks per second

Front 43

Hertz

Back 43

One cycle per second

Front 44

Gigahertz

Back 44

One billion ticks of the system clock per second

Front 45

Intel-compatible processors

Back 45

Computer processing chips which have a similar internal design to Intel but are less expensive

Front 46

Software as a Service

Back 46

Describes a computing environment where an Internet server hosts and deploys applications

Front 47

Data as a Service

Back 47

Allows users and applications to access a company's data

Front 48

Mashups

Back 48

Applications that incorporate data from multiple providers into a new application

Front 49

Cloud Security Alliance

Back 49

Warns of hackers who register for the service with a credit card or for a free trial period and then unleash malware in an attempt to gain access to passwords

Front 50

Analog

Back 50

Continuous wave form signals that vary in strength and quality; humans use this **** 💁

Front 51

Digital

Back 51

Representation of data using only two discrete states: on and off

Front 52

Binary System

Back 52

A number system that has just two unique digits, 0 and 1, called bits

Front 53

Bit

Back 53

The smallest unit of data the computer can process

Front 54

Byte

Back 54

When 8 bits are grouped together as a unit

Front 55

Alphanumeric Characters

Back 55

Letters and numbers used in coding

Front 56

Recycling Computers and Mobile Devices

Back 56

-Wireless carriers and big box retailers

-Non-for-profit organizations

-Secondary market

-EPA

Front 57

ASCII/American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Back 57

Most widely used coding scheme to represent a set of characters

Front 58

Memory

Back 58

Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data usually needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data

Front 59

Stored Program Concept

Back 59

The role of memory; to store both data and programs

Front 60

Address

Back 60

The location each byte resides temporarily in memory

Front 61

Gigabyte

Back 61

1 billion bytes

Front 62

Terabyte

Back 62

Equal to 1 trillion bytes

Front 63

Volatile memory

Back 63

Memory lost when a computer is turned off: temporary

Front 64

Nonvolatile memory

Back 64

Does not lose its contents when power is removed from the computer: permanent

Front 65

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Back 65

Consists of memory chips that can be read from and written to by the processor and other devices

Front 66

Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

Back 66

Chips that must be re-energized constantly or they lose their contents

Front 67

Heat sink

Back 67

Small ceramic or metal component with find on its surface that absorbs and disperses heat produced by electrical components

Front 68

Static RAM (SRAM)

Back 68

Chips are faster and more reliable than any variation of DRAM chips

Front 69

SDRAM

Back 69

-synchronized to the system clock

-must faster than DRAM

Front 70

DDR SDRAM

Back 70

-Transfers data twice, instead of once, for each clock cycle

-Faster than SDRAM

Front 71

DDR2

Back 71

-Second generation of DDR

-Faster than DDR

Front 72

DDR3

Back 72

-Third generation of DDR

-Designed for computers with multi-core processors

-Faster than DDR2

Front 73

DDR4

Back 73

-Fourth generation of DDR

-Faster than DDR3

Front 74

RDRAM

Back 74

-Much faster than SDRAM

Front 75

Memory Module

Back 75

Small circuit board

Front 76

Memory cache

Back 76

Speed the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data

Front 77

L1 Cache

Back 77

Built directly on to the processor chip; very small capacity

Front 78

L2 cache

Back 78

Slower than L1, but with a much larger capacity

Front 79

SIMM, Single Inline Memory Module

Back 79

Has pins on opposite sides of the circuit board that connect together to form a single set of contacts

Front 80

L3 cache

Back 80

Cache on the motherboard that is separate from the processor chip

Front 81

Read-Only Memory

Back 81

Refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions

Front 82

Firmware

Back 82

ROM chips that contain permanently written data, instructions, or information such as a computer or mobile device's start-up instructions

Front 83

Flash Memory

Back 83

A type of nonvolatile memory that erased electronically and rewritten

Front 84

Cooling Pad

Back 84

Rests below a laptop and protects the computer from overheating and also the user's lap from excessive heat

Front 85

CMOS

Back 85

Technology that provides high speeds and consumes little power. Uses battery power DL retain information even when the power of the computer is off.

Front 86

Access Time

Back 86

The amount of time it takes the processor to read data, instructions, and information from memory.

Front 87

Adapter Card/Expansion Card/Adapter Board

Back 87

Circuit board that enhances the functions of a component of a desktop or server system unit and/or provides connections to peripheral devices

Front 88

Expansion Slot

Back 88

A socket on a desktop or server motherboard that can hold an adapter card

Front 89

Sound Card

Back 89

Enhances the sound-generating capabilities of a personal computer by allowing sound to be input through a microphone and output through external speakers or headphones

Front 90

Video Card/Graphics Card

Back 90

Converts computer output into a video signal that travels through a cable to the monitor, which displays an image on the screen

Front 91

Plug and Play Technology

Back 91

The computer automatically can recognize peripheral devices as you install them

Front 92

Bluetooth

Back 92

Enables Bluetooth Technology

Front 93

MIDI

Back 93

Connects to musical instruments

Front 94

Modem

Back 94

Connects to transmission media, such as cable television lines or phone lines

Front 95

Accessibility

Back 95

Data and/or applications are available worldwide from any computer with an Internet connection

Front 96

Network

Back 96

Provides network connections, such as to an Ethernet port

Front 97

Sound

Back 97

Connects to speakers or a microphone

Front 98

TV Tuner

Back 98

Allows viewing of digital television broadcast on a monitor

Front 99

USB

Back 99

Connects to high-speed USB ports

Front 100

Video

Back 100

Provides enhanced graphics capabilities, such as accelerated processing or the ability to connect a second monitor

Front 101

Video Capture

Back 101

Connects to a video camera

Front 102

USB Adapter

Back 102

Dongle that plugs into a USB port, enhances functions of a mobile computer and/or provides connections to peripheral devices

Front 103

ExpressCard Module

Back 103

Removable device that fits in an ExpressCard dot

Front 104

Hot Plugging

Back 104

Allows you to insert and remove a device while the computer is running

Front 105

Cost Savings

Back 105

The expense of software and high-end hardware, such as fast processors and high-capacity memory and storage devices, shifts away from the user

Front 106

Space Savings

Back 106

Floor space required for servers, storage devices, and other hardware shifts away from the user

Front 107

Scalability

Back 107

Provides the flexibility to increase or decrease computing requirements as needed

Front 108

Infrastructure as a Service

Back 108

Uses software to emulate hardware capabilities, enabling companies to scale, or adjust up or down, storage, processing power, or bandwidth as needed

Front 109

Bus

Back 109

Electronic channels that are located inside system units to communicate with each other

Front 110

Bus

Back 110

Electronic channels that are located inside system units to communicate with each other

Front 111

Data Bus

Back 111

Used to transfer actual data

Front 112

Bus

Back 112

Electronic channels that are located inside system units to communicate with each other

Front 113

Data Bus

Back 113

Used to transfer actual data

Front 114

Address Bus

Back 114

Used to transfer information about where the data should reside in memory

Front 115

Bus

Back 115

Electronic channels that are located inside system units to communicate with each other

Front 116

Data Bus

Back 116

Used to transfer actual data

Front 117

Address Bus

Back 117

Used to transfer information about where the data should reside in memory

Front 118

Bus width

Back 118

Determines the number of bits that the computer can transmit at one time

Front 119

Bus

Back 119

Electronic channels that are located inside system units to communicate with each other

Front 120

Data Bus

Back 120

Used to transfer actual data

Front 121

Address Bus

Back 121

Used to transfer information about where the data should reside in memory

Front 122

Bus width

Back 122

Determines the number of bits that the computer can transmit at one time

Front 123

Word Size

Back 123

The number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time

Front 124

Bus

Back 124

Electronic channels that are located inside system units to communicate with each other

Front 125

Data Bus

Back 125

Used to transfer actual data

Front 126

Address Bus

Back 126

Used to transfer information about where the data should reside in memory

Front 127

Bus width

Back 127

Determines the number of bits that the computer can transmit at one time

Front 128

Word Size

Back 128

The number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time

Front 129

System Bus/Front Side Bus

Back 129

Part of the motherboard and connects the processor to main memory

Front 130

Bus

Back 130

Electronic channels that are located inside system units to communicate with each other

Front 131

Data Bus

Back 131

Used to transfer actual data

Front 132

Address Bus

Back 132

Used to transfer information about where the data should reside in memory

Front 133

Bus width

Back 133

Determines the number of bits that the computer can transmit at one time

Front 134

Word Size

Back 134

The number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time

Front 135

System Bus/Front Side Bus

Back 135

Part of the motherboard and connects the processor to main memory

Front 136

Backside Bus

Back 136

Connects the processor to the cache

Front 137

Bus

Back 137

Electronic channels that are located inside system units to communicate with each other

Front 138

Data Bus

Back 138

Used to transfer actual data

Front 139

Address Bus

Back 139

Used to transfer information about where the data should reside in memory

Front 140

Bus width

Back 140

Determines the number of bits that the computer can transmit at one time

Front 141

Word Size

Back 141

The number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time

Front 142

System Bus/Front Side Bus

Back 142

Part of the motherboard and connects the processor to main memory

Front 143

Backside Bus

Back 143

Connects the processor to the cache

Front 144

Expansion Bus

Back 144

Allows the processor to communicate with peripheral devices

Front 145

Bus

Back 145

Electronic channels that are located inside system units to communicate with each other

Front 146

Data Bus

Back 146

Used to transfer actual data

Front 147

Address Bus

Back 147

Used to transfer information about where the data should reside in memory

Front 148

Bus width

Back 148

Determines the number of bits that the computer can transmit at one time

Front 149

Word Size

Back 149

The number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time

Front 150

System Bus/Front Side Bus

Back 150

Part of the motherboard and connects the processor to main memory

Front 151

Backside Bus

Back 151

Connects the processor to the cache

Front 152

Expansion Bus

Back 152

Allows the processor to communicate with peripheral devices

Front 153

Power Supply

Back 153

Converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power