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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hardware (definition)
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Everything you can see and touch; visible; all input/output devices.
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Software (definition)
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Instructions to guide computer; written in computer language
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Binary System (basics)
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Simply switches; on & off; 0 and 1; representation for everything is in Digits/Letter/symbols
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Binary System(vs.decimal system)
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similar to decimal system except the BASE. Binary system based on 2/Decimal system based on 10;Also based on PLACE(whether occupied or not)
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Binary system(represents...)
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Could represent anything for the computer;when viewing images, the binary # could=black,white or gray; for color images, could =yellow,red,etc.
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Bit
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single binary digit
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Byte
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string of 8 bits
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Word
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2 bytes
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Computer language:
Lowest level |
machine language(0,1)(computer language)
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Computer Language:
Higher level |
More like human language
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Systems Software
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Commands operating systems;Instructions for problem-solving; Bootstrap loads operating system on startup; Tedious to write instructions in machine language.
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Different operating systems...
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Windows;
Unix; MAC-OS |
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Go Between language...
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Assemblers: Recognizes symblos,translates to binary.
Compilers & Interpreters: Translate from higher level language to symbols for assembler. |
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Application Programs
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Permits specifis tasks:Excel,Quicken,Lotus.
Allows Image Reconstruction |
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High Level Languages
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Used by programmers; Approaches human language
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Different High Level Languages
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FORTRAN:science,math
BASIC:students COBOL:business,data processing Pascal:general purpose C,C++:1st modern "programmers language" LOGO:children ADA:military |
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Processing Methods:
Batch Processing |
No human input/intervention(long time)
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Processing Methods:
On-line systems |
Immediate process (ATM)
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Processing Methods:
Time Sharing Systems |
Sign on/off each session
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Processing Methods:
real-time Systems |
Special Purpose(Radiologic Imaging)
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Image Reconstruction/Display:
Raw data in (electrical) |
II in fluoro, CR plate
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Image Reconstruction/Display:
A to D conversion(binary #) |
Computer
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Image Reconstruction/Display:
Establish gray scale |
Display monitor or hardcopy
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Image Reconstruction/Display:
Dynamic Range |
With 3 place values, computer can create 8 (2nd-3rd) binary #'s.
1=black,2-7=gray,8=white |
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Image Reconstruction/Display:
Densities |
If you only see 8 different densities,very limited contrast. Dynamic range: limits ability to create different densities, thus limits contrast.
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Todays Imaging
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Use 256(2-8th) different shades of gray.
Human eye percieves 32 shades of gray at one time. cannot have too much matrix(resolution) or dynamic range(contrast,analogue-like). Computer is the limiting factor(upgrades/cost). |
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What is the binary representation of on and off?
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off = 0
on = 1 |
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List three terms used to describe large amounts of computer information.
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Kilobytes (KB)
Megabytes (MB) Gigabytes (GB) |
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Two terms used to dscribe columns and rows.
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Aray or matrix
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What determines spatial resolution of an image?
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The number of rows and columns
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define Dynamic Range
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Range of values over which a digital system can respond; how many shades of grey each pixel can assume.-
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What is Secondary Storage used for?
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Long-term storage of info.
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List the four secondary devices.
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Hard Drive
Juke Box Array of independent Discs Magnetic Tape(VHS) |
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Compiler Software
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Program that translates application software into a form suitable for the assembler.
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Assembler Software
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Converts remaining instructions into "1" & "0", since computer only recognizes on and off.
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RIS
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Radiology Information System; record keeping for Imaging department;(exam results,images,appt.'s)
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HIS
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Hospital Information System; enter & retrieve patient data, order exams, view medical images, create invoices.
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Who is Charles Babbage?
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Invented Mechanical Calculating machines (early 1800's.)
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Four components essential to moderm computers
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Input;
Storage; Processing; Output |
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When do computers use RAM?
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For information they currently need to perform a task.
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The four media devices
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Floppy disc(1.44MB)
CD-Rom(640MB) DVD(17GB) Hard Drive(80GB) |
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What do computers use to process information?
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Intergrated circuits
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What task is/are performed in the microprocessor?
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Processes info you put in.
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What are embedded processors used for?
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To do one thing well; instructions are coded into them.
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