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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Machine Code |
Set of binary instructions that are used by the CPU to perform a task |
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Assembly Language |
A low-level programming language which is processor-dependent. Each instruction is one machine operation |
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High-level language |
A computer programming language based on natural language or mathematical notation |
E.g. C#, Python |
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Declarative |
High-level languages are also based on natural language and are used to declare the necessary information to produce the required result . |
E.g. CSS, SQL |
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Assembler |
Used for assembly language programs |
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Compiler |
Used for program languages such as C++, Visual Basic |
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Interpreter |
Used for program languages such as Python |
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Lossless |
Compression techniques allow the original data to be perfectly reconstructed, resulting in no loss of data |
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Lossy |
Compression techniques result on a loss of data, so the original data cannot be perfectly reconstructed |
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Run-length Encoding |
A form of lossless compression where a sequence that contains a repeated value of data is replaced by a single value of data with a count of the number of times it occurs |
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Encryption |
Uses to make stored data more secure from hackers, by making it unreadable to people who do not have the key to decrypt or decode it |
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Data compression |
Reduces file sizes to allow download times and file storage requirements to be reduced |
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Nyquist's theorem |
Indicates that the sound must be sampled at twice the highest analogue kaput frequency to create an accurate representation of the original input waveform |
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Sampling rate |
The number of samples taken per second from the analogue input to create a digital signal |
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Sampling Resolution |
The number of bits used to store each sample |
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Bit Pattern |
An arrangement of binary digits arranged in a sequence. Used to represent text and images as well as video and sound |
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ASCII |
Seven-bit character set which offers 128 different characters. Some of these characters are used for controlling peripherals. |
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Character Set |
A list of all the characters accessible to a computer system. |
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Unicode |
A 16-bit character set which offers 65,536 different characters. It includes the characters for any writing system in the world. |
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Even parity |
Where the number of 1s is counted and of the number kg 1s is odd then the parity bit of set for 1. |
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Odd Parity |
Where the number of 1s is counted and of the number of 1s is even then the parity bit is set to 1 |
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Majority Voting |
Each bit is sent three times and checked each time. If it is the same there is no error, but if it's different on one occasion there is an error, in which case the majority of the two will determine the correct bit. |
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Check Digit |
Added to binary data unchecked the data is accurate; this is an approach used by stores to check that the bar code printed on an item of shopping has been correctly into a computer |
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Software |
Refers to the programs or coded instructions that make the computer run |
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Hardware |
Refers to he physical parts that make up a computer system |
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Systems software |
Needed to carry out the tasks to operate the hardware |
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Boolean Expressions |
Used in computer programs; when these expressions are evaluated they give a Boolean Logic output of either true or false |
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Main Memory |
Stores program instructions and data that are processed by the processor |
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Address Bus |
Specifies a physical address in main memory and the value that is to be read or written into that address is communicated via the data bus |
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Control Bus |
Manages data processing; for example, sends a signal to either write from the data bus to a memory address of a signal to read data from a memory address. |
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Input and Output |
Control signals received from the processor include input or output requests. |
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General Purpose Register |
Can be used to hold instructions and data temporarily |
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Dedicated Registers |
Used by far processor to carry out a specific order. |
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Stored Program Concept |
The program instructions and the data are both stored in memory |
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Immediate Addressing |
The data in the operand is fixed; in other words, it is immediately available for use |
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Direct Addressing |
Means the code is directly referred to a memory location |
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Assembly Language |
Used to make machine code instructions more understandable by using mnemonic codes |
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