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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Analytical Engine
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Babbage's dream machine
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Babbage
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Father of Computers
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Difference Engine
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automated mathematical tables accurate to 31 decimal places. Invented by Babbage
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Hollerith
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created a tabulating machine for the census
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Jacquard Loom
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the first example of "stored information". It was able to follow a pattern of punch cards
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Pascal
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invented a calculating machine to help his father who was a tax collector
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Pascaline
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Pascal's mechanical device that used gears and wheels to perform addition and subtraction
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Second Generation
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replaced vacuum tubes with transistors. Faster, smaller, more reliable
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Tabulating Machine
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electrical punch cards and clocks made the census take three months instead of ten years
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Antanasoff-Berry Computer
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technically the first digital computer (1939)
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Colussus
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1943: first fully electronic computer 5000 characters per second.
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ENIAC
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competes for the first digital computer title: 500 times
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Harvard Mark I
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1944: first automatic elctromechanical calculator
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Computer generation
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groups computers in terms of technology age
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First Generation
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used a lot of energy, were very large. (only used by big corporations or military)
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Third Generation
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1965-70: integrated circuits instead of transistors. Smaller
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Fourth Generation
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1970-1980: Large Scale Integration/Very Large Scale Integration. Increased power, reduced price and size
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Fifth Generation
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Current generation: parallel processing, artificial intelligence
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Supercomputer
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first s.c. Cray-1. Fastest type of computer used for massive amounts of math calculations
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Mainframe
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large and powerful: allow many people to be connected at once
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Special Purpose Computers
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Used to work on a specific and restrictive set of problems
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Embedded Computers
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type of special purpose computer built into a larger device: microwave or pop machine
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clockspeed and word size
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determines the speed of the processor. Clockspeed has one pulse per new step in processing. Word size is how many bits a processor can manipulate at one time
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MegaHertz and GigaHertz
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clockspeed is measured in these. This means either millions or billions of clock cycles per second
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Arithmetic Logic Unit and Control Unit
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These make up the CPU: ALU takes care of logic and arithmetic and CU send instructions to all parts of the computer
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primary storage
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memory on your computer that can be quickly retrieved.
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secondary storage
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disks, CD
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RAM
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primary storage. THe computers memory storage. Memory is erased when the computer is turned off (volatile)
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operating system
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in charge of all of the operations (starting the computer, communication, memory management)
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GUI
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graphical user interface. Uses icons to represent programs and files.
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pixels
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tiny colored dots organized in rows and columns
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resolution
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measures how many pixels it contains
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bitmap
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stored on a pixel by pixel basis
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object-oriented
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stores instructions about what is drawn instead of pixels. (shapes)
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tweening
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animators draw key frames and then are able to generate in between frames
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database
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stores large amounts of information in an organized fashion
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SQL
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Structured Query Language. Language that the computer can understand our queries
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Telnet
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allows users to log into remote computers
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bandwidth
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amount of information that can be transmitted in a given amount of time
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Intranets
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intra-organizational networks for email, file transfer for members of the organizations
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HTTP Daemon
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receives requests and sends out corresponding webpages to whomever requested it.
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Synchronous communication
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Instant messages, real time
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Asynchronous communication
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not real time: emails
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Pseudocode
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mixture of English and computer language
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Sequence control structure
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instructions are executed in a sequence
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Selection Control Structure
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If____ then___ else____
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Repetition Control Structure
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While____ is true do this
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Binary language
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a sequence of 1s and 0s that a machine can understand
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Assembly Language
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low-level programming one step above binary; uses short English-like codes
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High-level programming
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COBOL, FORTRAN, BASIC;easier for humans to understand, must be translated to Machine language
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Interpreters
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translate a program one line at a time
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Compilers
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translate an entire program at a time
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Sniffer program
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capture info as it travels through the internet
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backdoors
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anyone with knowledge of backdoor or password can access/modify info
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cyber vandalism
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replaces a website's content with their own
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spoofing
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pretend to be someone you're not
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Accessibility
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data delays and denials; makes the website seem down or slow
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denial of service
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try to make sure that requests never meet their destination
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narrowcasting
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newscasts customized to interests of different groups of people
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pointcasting
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personalized newscast for one individual
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