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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Algorithm
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a set of steps that defines how a task is performed
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Program
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a representation of an algorithm, usually printed on paper or displayed on a computer screen
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Abstraction
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the distinction between the external properties of an entity and the details of the entity's internal composition
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Graphical User Interface (GUI)
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modern shell in which objects to be manipulated, sich as files and programs, are represented pictorially on the monitor screen as icons
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Operating System
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the software that controls the overall operation of a computer
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Local Area Network (LAN)
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consists of a collection of computers in a single building or building complex
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Wide Area Network (WAN)
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links machines over a greater distance- perhaps in neighboring cities or across the world
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Protocols
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rules by which activities are conducted
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The Internet
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the link of a variety of computer networks so that they could function as a connected system that would not be disrupted by local disasters, a commercial undertaking that links a worldwide combination of LANs, MANs, and WANs involving millions of computers
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Internet Service Providers (ISP)
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organizations that are used to construct and maintain the networks in the Internet, can also refer to the network itself
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Domain Name System (DNS)
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an Internet-wide directory system
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World Wide Web
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the web that has evolved on the Internet spans the entire globe
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
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protocol used to transfer hypertext documents between browsers and Web servers
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Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
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each document on the Web is given a unique address
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Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
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the system of tags that describe how the document should appear on a display screen, what multimedia resources should accompany the document, and which items within the document are linked to other documents
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eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
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a standardized style for designing notational systems for representing data as text files
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Application Layer
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consists of those software units that use Internet communication to carry out their tasks, includes many utility packages
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Transport Layer
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used by the application layer to send and receive messages over the Internet, like a shipping company. Accpets messages from the application layer and ensure that the messages are properly formatted for transmission over the Internet, divides large messages into small segments. adds sequence numbers to the end of each for reassembly
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Network Layer
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decides which direction a packet should be sent at each step along the packet's path through the Internet. in charge of maintaining the router's forwarding table and using that table to determine the direction in which to forward packets
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Link Layer
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responsible for transferring the packet. must deal with the communication details particular to the individual network in which the computer resides.
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Packet
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the small segments of a transmitted message
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
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defines a version of the transport layer
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Internet Protocol (IP)
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a collection of protocol standards used by the Internet to implement the four-level communication hierarchy implemented in the Internet
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User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
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another transport protocol option besides TCP.
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