Computer Principles And Funeral Service Application

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APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE

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Computer programs designed for a specific use and are relatively easy to use without any technical knowledge of programming.

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ARITHMETIC/LOGIC UNIT

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ALU; the part of the central processing unit (CPU) where numerical calculations and logical operations are performed.

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ASCII

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American Standard Code for Information Interchange; a commonly used code for representing data.

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ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

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The computers use a program called an assembler to translate the commands into its own machine language. It also keeps track of
the symbolic names and assigns appropriate memory locations to them. The assembler translates instructions on a one-for-one basis, so one instruction in assembly language becomes one instruction in machine language. Assembly language is a great help to the programmer.

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BACKUP

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A duplicate of an original program or data made as a precaution against
loss or damage of the original.

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BIT

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The smallest amount of information a computer can store. Computer must represent information in the form of bits because the electronic circuits they are made of can have only two states: on or off.

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BYTE

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The space a character, letter or number takes up in the computer’s memory. It is made up of a group of eight (8) bits.

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CATHODE RAY TUBE

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CRT; a device like a TV screen in which a cathode ray (electron beam) hits a phosphorescent screen for the display of information. A terminal device similar to a television set on which input or outs may be displayed.

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CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

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CPU; The unit of a computer system that contains the circuits which control and perform the execution of instructions. That portion of a computer that serves to control the functions of the system, composed of the following three (3) parts: memory (primary storage), arithmetic/logic unit and the control unit.

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CD-ROM

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Compact Disk Read-Only Memory; a compact disk from which stored
data can be read by a laser beam. Data cannot be written to a CD-ROM.

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COLOR MONITOR

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A computer monitor that can display more that one (1) active color.

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COMPUTER

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A device which manipulates data according to a series of instructions
stored in its memory. An electronic device that can accept data, perform instructions on the data, and deliver the results of the processed data. By changing the instructions, the computer can be made to do a completely different
task.

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COMPUTER SYSTEM

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An organization of hardware and software designed to accomplish a data processing function.

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CONTROL UNIT

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A portion of the central processing unit (CPU) that directs the
sequence of operations, interprets coded instructions, and initiates the proper commands to execute instructions.

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CUSTOMIZED SOFTWARE

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A type of software where the user tells the programmer what he/she wants to be able to do and the programmer writes a set of instructions (the program) to the specific tasks for the particular user.

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DATA

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The information that the computer manipulates.

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DATABASE

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An organized collection of related data.

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DATA INPUT

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The process of entering data into a computer system.

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DATA PROCESSING

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Any procedure for receiving information and producing a
specific result. The rearrangement and refinement of raw data into a form suitable for further use.

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DESKTOP PUBLISHING

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The use of personal computers (PC) to design and print professional-quality typeset documents.

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DISKS

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Thin disks of magnetic material capable of storing a large amount of
information. The disk spins rapidly in the disk drive. Heads, similar to heads in a tape recorder, read and write information onto concentric tracks.

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DISKS/MEDIA DRIVES

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Data storage devices that are outside the main memory of the computer.

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DISPLAY

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The words, symbols, or numbers which appear in visual form.

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FIXED/HARD DISK

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A device containing a sealed, rigid magnetic disk and read/write mechanism, usually built directly into the computer's cabinet.

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FLOPPY DISK DRIVE

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A device with a read/write mechanism that accepts removable disks.

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FLOPPY DISKS (DISKETTES)

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Flexible, plastic disks on which data is stored magnetically.

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FORMAT

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To prepare a new disk for use by the computer or an old one for re-use. Formatting erases all previous information. All new disks must be formatted before they may be used.

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FORMATTING

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The process of preparing any disk or diskette for use by the computer.

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GRAPHICS

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The productions of pictures, charts, diagrams, etc.

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GIGABYTE (GB, GIG)

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A unit of measure of memory space equal to 1,024 megabytes. One gigabyte is approximately one billion bytes.

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HARD/FIXED DISK DRIVE

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A device containing a sealed, rigid magnetic disk and read/write mechanism, usually built directly into the computer’s cabinet.

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HARDWARE

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The physical equipment or devices which make up a computer,
including all peripherals. Everything except the programs or instructions in the computer system.

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HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE

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Programming languages developed to make the task of programming easier.

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IMPACT PRINTER

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A device which prints one or more characters at a time by physically impacting or hitting the ribbon to the paper.

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INPUT

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The process of entering data into a computer system. Input is also the
formation which is entered into a computer from an outside source for
processing.

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INPUT DEVICE

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A mechanical unit designed to bring data to be processed into a computer.

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INTEGRATED SOFTWARE

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A set of several different applications that have been
programmed together, permitting data from one application program to be transferred directly to another.

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I/O

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Abbreviation for input/output.

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KEYBOARD

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A set of labeled keys (such as on a typewriter) to permit the entry of
data into the computer system.

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KILOBYTE (K, KB)

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A unit of measure of memory space equal to 1,024 bytes (or characters).

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LOCAL AREA NETWORK

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LAN; a way of linking a number of computers (such as in an office) through communication lines so that they can share I/O devices and
data.

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LANGUAGE

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Instructions consisting of a series of numbers or a coded pattern of
digits which convey information between people and machines.

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MACHINE LANGUAGE

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A program written in the basic, simple instructions that the computer understands directly.

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MAINFRAME

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A central computer, usually applies to medium and/or large-scale
computer systems.

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MEGABYTE (MB, MEG)

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A unit of measure of memory space equal to 1,024 kilobytes. One megabyte is approximately one million bytes.

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MEMORY/MEMORY UNIT

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An area for storage of data inside the computer. It contains the programs and data being used by the computer. The primary
storage or most accessible storage of the computer.

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MICROCOMPUTER/PERSONAL COMPUTER

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PC; a small computer designed to
sit on a desk.

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MINICOMPUTER

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A computer intermediate in size between a mainframe and a
microcomputer.

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MODEM

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A device which converts the electrical impulses (digital) produced by the computer into sound impulses (wave-like) and vice-versa which can be
transmitted over telephone lines. An acronym for Modulate/Demodulate.

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MONITOR

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The screen (terminal) component of the computer system.

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MONOCHROME MONITOR

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A computer monitor that can display only one (1) active color.

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MOTHERBOARD

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A circuit board that contains most of the electronic components of the system unit, sometimes called the main board or system board.

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MOUSE

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A device used to select processing options or information displayed on the
monitor.

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NETWORK

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Networking; a group of two or more computers linked together
electronically that can communicate with each other.

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NETWORK CARD

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A device inserted into the expansion slots of the motherboard to
allow computers in the same general area to communicate with one another.

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NON-IMPACT PRINTER

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A printing device which places marks on paper without any mechanical device coming in contact with the paper.

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OPERATING SYSTEM

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A program which helps to overcome the problems involved in running a computer. It makes sure that the proper programs are in the right
place in memory at the right time, handles I/O operations, and allows the computer to work for long periods without the direct intervention of the operator.

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OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE

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One or more programs that manage and control the allocation and usage of hardware resources.

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OUTPUT

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The act of returning data to the user in some form or transferring data
from a primary storage device to a secondary storage device.

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PERIPHERALS (INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES)

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Physical devices that allow for data to be entered into a computer, data to be returned to the user, or functions to do both enter and return data. May also be known as I/O devices.

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PREPACKAGED SOFTWARE (HORIZONTAL MARKET SOFTWARE)

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Software that is designed to be used by anyone who might benefit.

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PRIMARY/INTERNAL STORAGE

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The memory that is built into a computer.

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PRINTER

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A device that makes computer output visible on paper.

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PROCESSING

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The rearrangement and refinement of raw data into a form suitable for further use.

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PROCESSOR

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The primary electronic chip on the motherboard which controls and
performs the execution of instructions.

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PROGRAM

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A set of instructions arranged in proper sequence which can direct the
computer to perform a desired task.

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PROGRAMMING

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The task of writing a series of instructions that will cause the
computer to do something useful.

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RAM (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)

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The working memory of the computer. It is the usable memory which data or programs may be written to or read from. RAM loses all data when the power to the computer system is interrupted.

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ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY)

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Memory which has been manufactured with predetermined information or programs. Usually used to store the control program of the computer or hardware device. ROM retains its data when the
power to the computer system is interrupted.

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SECONDARY/EXTERNAL STORAGE

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Data storage that is outside the main
memory of the computer, such as disks or tape units.

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SOFTWARE

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A set of instructions that directs the computer's operations.

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SPREADSHEET

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A program for manipulating numbers in tabular form. A grid, somewhat like a ledger sheet, is displayed.

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STATISTICAL PROGRAM

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An applications program designed specifically for performing statistical calculations.

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STORE

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To transmit the date from the computer to a memory device.

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STORAGE DEVICE

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A device into which data can be entered and from which it can
be retrieved at a later time.

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SUPERCOMPUTER

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Designed to be markedly larger and/or faster than ordinary mainframe computers.

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SYSTEM/COMPUTER SYSTEM

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An organization of hardware and software designed to accomplish a data processing function.

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TAPE DRIVE

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A device for storing information on magnetic tape.

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TETRABYTE (TB)

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A unit of measure of memory space equal to 1,024 gigabytes. One tetrabyte is approximately one trillion bytes.

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UTILITY PROGRAM

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A program to do often needed tasks in managing the computer, but, not an application for which the user bought the computer specifically for.

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VERTICAL MARKET SOFTWARE

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Software that is designed and marketed (sold) to a particular industry, business, or profession.

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WORD PROCESSING

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The use of computerized equipment to create, store, recall, correct, and produce written documents.