Computer Information Science Chapter 10

Front 1

Computer Security Risk

Back 1

Any event or action that could cause a loss or damage to computer hardware, software, data, information, or processing capability.

Front 2

Computer Crime

Back 2

Any illegal act involving a computer.

Front 3

Cybercrime

Back 3

Online or Internet based illegal acts.

Front 4

Hacker

Back 4

Refers to someone who accesses a computer or network illegally.

Front 5

Cracker

Back 5

Someone who accesses a computer or network illegally but has intent to destroy data, steal, information, or other malicious actions.

Front 6

Script Kiddie

Back 6

Same intent as a cracker, but lacks the technical skills and knowledge, and often use prewritten programs to access computers.

Front 7

Corporate Spies

Back 7

Hired to break into a specific computer and steal its data and information.

Front 8

Cyberextortionist

Back 8

Someone who uses e-mail as a vehicle for extortion.

Front 9

Malware

Back 9

Programs that act without a user's knowledge and deliberately alter the computer's operations.

Front 10

Virus

Back 10

Potentially damaging program that negatively affects a computer, spreads throughout the computer.

Front 11

Worm

Back 11

Copies itself repeatedly using up resources.

Front 12

Trojan Horse

Back 12

Hides within or looks like a legitimate program, a certain condition or action triggers it.

Front 13

Rootkit

Back 13

Program that hides in a computer and allows someone from a remote location to take full control of the computer.

Front 14

Payload

Back 14

The event the program is intended to deliver.

Front 15

Trusted Source

Back 15

Organization or person you believe will not send a virus infected file to you knowingly.

Front 16

Botnet

Back 16

Group of compromised computers connected to a network that are used as part of a network that attacks other networks.

Front 17

Zombie

Back 17

Owner is unaware that the computer is being controlled by an outside user.

Front 18

DoS Attack

Back 18

(Denial of Service Attack) Disrupt a computers access to an Internet service such as the Web or e-mail.

Front 19

Back Door

Back 19

Program or set of instructions in a program that allows users to bypass security controls when accessing a computer.

Front 20

Spoofing

Back 20

Technique intruders use to make their transmission look legitimate.

Front 21

Unauthorized Use

Back 21

Use of a computer or its data for unapproved or possibly illegal activities.

Front 22

Unauthorized Access

Back 22

Use of a computer or network without permission.

Front 23

CAPTCHA

Back 23

(completely automated public turing test to tell computers and humans apart) Verifies user input.

Front 24

Possessed Object

Back 24

Any item you must carry to gain access to a computer or computer facility.

Front 25

Biometric Device

Back 25

Authenticates a person's identity by translating a personal characteristic into a digital code compared with a stored one.

Front 26

Digital Forensics

Back 26

(computer forensics) Discovery, collection, and analysis of evidence found on computers and networks.

Front 27

Hardware Theft

Back 27

Act of stealing computer equipment.

Front 28

Hardware Vandalism

Back 28

Act of defacing or destroying computer equipment.

Front 29

Software Theft

Back 29

When someone steals software media, intentionally erases programs, illegally copies them, or illegally registers or activates a program.

Front 30

License Agreement

Back 30

The right to use the software.

Front 31

Information Theft

Back 31

Occurs when someone steals personal or confidential information.

Front 32

Encryption

Back 32

Process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access.

Front 33

Decryption

Back 33

(decipher) Converting encrypted data into readable form.

Front 34

Encryption Algorithm

Back 34

Set of steps that can convert readable plaintext into unreadable ciphertext.

Front 35

Encryption Key

Back 35

Programmed formula that the originator of the data uses to encrypt plaintext and the recipient to decrypt the ciphertext.

Front 36

Plaintext

Back 36

Unencrypted, readable data

Front 37

Ciphertext

Back 37

Encrypted data

Front 38

Digital Signature

Back 38

Encrypted code that a person, Web site, or organization attaches to an electronic message sender.

Front 39

Digital Certificate

Back 39

Is a notice that guarentees a user or a Web site is legitimate.

Front 40

Certificate Authority

Back 40

Authorized person or company that issues and verifies digital certificates.

Front 41

System Failure

Back 41

Prolonged malfunctions of a computer.

Front 42

Surge Protector

Back 42

Special electronic components that provide a stable current flow to the computer and other electronic equipment.

Front 43

UPS

Back 43

(Uninterruptible power supply) Device that contains surge protection circuits and one or more batteries that can provide power during a loss of power.

Front 44

Backup

Back 44

Deplicate file, program, or disk that can be used if the original is lost, damaged, or stolen.

Front 45

Restore

Back 45

Copying the backed up files to their original location on the computer.

Front 46

WAP

Back 46

(wireless access point) Connection to a wireless network.

Front 47

War driving

Back 47

Individuals attempt to detect wireless networks via their notebook or mobile device while driving a vehicle through areas that might have a wireless network.

Front 48

WPA

Back 48

(Wi-Fi Protected Access) Security standard that improves on older security standards by authenticating network users.

Front 49

802.11i or WPA2

Back 49

Conforms to the government's security standards and uses more sophisticated encryption techniques than WPA.

Front 50

RSI

Back 50

(Repetitive Strain Injury) Injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, and joints.

Front 51

CVS

Back 51

(computer vision syndrome) Type of health-related condition due to computer usage.

Front 52

Ergonomics

Back 52

Applied science devoted to incorporating comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of items in the workspace.

Front 53

Computer Addiction

Back 53

Occurs when the computer consumes someone's entire social life.

Front 54

Computer Ethics

Back 54

Moral guidelines that govern the use of computers and informaiton systems.

Front 55

National Press Photographers

Back 55

A group that completely opposes any manipulation of an image.

Front 56

Intellectual Property Rights

Back 56

Rights to which creators are entitled for their work.

Front 57

Copyright

Back 57

Gives the authors and artists exclusive rights to duplicate, publish, and sell their materials.

Front 58

Green computing

Back 58

Involves reducing the electricity and enviromental waste while using a computer.

Front 59

Energy Star Program

Back 59

U.S. government developed program to reduce the amount of electricity used by computers and related devices.

Front 60

Information Privacy

Back 60

Right of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection and use of information about them.

Front 61

Electronic Profile

Back 61

Combination of data that firms put together of an individual.

Front 62

Cookie

Back 62

Small text file that a Web server stores on your computer.

Front 63

Spyware

Back 63

Program placed on a computer without the user's knowledge that secretly collects information about the user.

Front 64

Adware

Back 64

Program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on Web-pages, e-mail messages, or other Internet services.

Front 65

Spam

Back 65

Unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroup posting sent to multiple recipients or newsgroups at once.

Front 66

Phishing

Back 66

Scam when a perpetrator sends an official looking e-mail that attempts to obtain your personal financial information.

Front 67

Pharming

Back 67

Similar to phishing, except via spoofing.

Front 68

Social Engineering

Back 68

Gaining unauthorized access or obtaining confidential information by taking advantage of the trusting human nature of some victims and the naivety of others.

Front 69

Employee Monitoring

Back 69

Use of computers to observe, record, and review an employee
s use of a computer including communications, e-mail, keyboard activity and visited Web sites.

Front 70

Content Filtering

Back 70

Process of restricting access to certain material on the Web.