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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many generations is the history of Computers divided into? and what are they?
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1. Vacuum tubes (1951)
2. Transistors (1959) 3. Integrated Circuits (1964) 4. Large scale integration of Circiuitry (1971) |
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why did it take so long to develop computers?
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-human foibles - brilliant ideas were not recognized
-workers sabotaged -insights were ahead of their time's technology |
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what did leonardo da vinci do?
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he sketched ideas for a mechanical adding machine
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Who was Blaise Pascal why is he important to computer history?
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-he was a french mathematician and philosopher who invented the "pascaline"
-invention was expensive and delicate -was abandoned as impractical because labour was cheaper |
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What is the pascaline?
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-used counting wheel design
-revolution of wheels |
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Who was Joseph-Marie Jacquard?
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-he was a weaver who invented the "jacquard loom" in an attempt to reduce the amount of work for coworkers
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what is the jacquard loom?
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-used cards and had holes punched in them
-first significant use of binary automation |
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Who was Charles babbage and and why was he important?
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-he envisioned the "difference engine" and the "analytical engine"
-his devices introduced many concepts in today's genearl purpose computers |
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Who is lady Augusta Ada King and why is she important?
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-countess of Lovelace
-mentor of babbage -suggested that cards could be prepared to instruct babbage's engine to repeat certain operations -first programmer |
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who was Herman Hollerith and why is he important?
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-special agent helping US bureau with census
-devised punched-card tabulating machine used for census |
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who founded IBM, in what year, and how did it progress through history?
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-Hermain Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company in 1896
-which became computing-tabulating-record company in 1911 -which became International business machines (IBM) in 1924 |
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what is the EAM era?
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-EAM stands for Electromechanical accounting machine
-happened in 1920s hand trucks -prewired control panel |
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Who is Dr.John V. Atanasoff?
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-professor of iowa state
-assembled ABC (atanasoff berry computer) |
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How does ABC work?
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-used an electronic medium with vacuume tubes, base 2 number system, and memory and logic circuits
-some consider to be the first computer |
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who created the first programmable computer and what was it called?
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Konrad Zuse did in 1939
-it was called Z1 |
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Who was Alan Turing and what did he do?
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-his ideas were used to design Colossus (completed in 1943)
-broke nazi codes -based on vacuume tubes, considered by many to be first digitial computer |
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who designed the Mark I computer and what how did the computer work?
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-Prof.Howard Aiken
-Mark I was automatic general purpose calculater -serial collection of electromechanical calculators- simimalar to babbage's analytical engine |
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who was John Von Neumann?
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-created software
-stored program concept -1945 |
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who designed the ENIAC computer(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) and what is so special about it?
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-Dr.Jogn W.Mauchly and J.Presper Eckert Jr.
-1000x faster than electromehcanical predecessors -operated in decimal -weighed 30 tons |
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What is UNIVAC and what is so special about it?
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UNIVersal Automatic Computer
-also developed by mauchly and eckert -1st commercially viable comp -1st generation of computers is thought o have started with UNIVAC |
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Who is Grace Murray Hopper?
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-driving force behind COBOL
-created compiler -credited for finding bug |
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What marked the beginning of the second generation of computers? when?
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-in 1959
-honeywell 400, the transistor was more powerful , more reliable, less expensive, and cooler to operate -also software improvements |
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what is the PDP-8?
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-first successful minicomputer
-transistor based -more affordable -1963 |
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what happened in 1964?
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-IBM's system 360 was introduced
- marked beginning of integrateed circuits (IC) -beginning of 3rd generation of computers -made previous computers obsolute -upward compatible |
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what happened in the 1970s?
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-large-scale integration of cicuitry marked beginning of 4th generation (1971)
-1975, bill gales formed microsoft -1977, altair 88000 introduced -1977, steven jobs and steve wozniak created apple II |
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READ more about 4rth gen if you want in course book.
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none
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