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211 Cards in this Set
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Deals w/ the planning for, development, management, and use of IT tools to help people perform all tasks related to info processing and management |
Management Information System MIS |
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Any computer based tool that people use to work with info-processing needs of an organization |
IT |
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The use of communication technologies to work in a place other than a central location |
Telecommuting |
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2 most important resources within MIS |
People and information |
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Firm consists of tangible resources |
Physical system |
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Firm consists of info resources that are used to represent the physical systems |
Conceptual system |
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Interacting with its environment by means of physical resource flows |
Open system |
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The one that does not communicate with its environment |
Closed system |
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Processed data that is meaningful |
Information |
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First computer-based systems were called ? |
Electronic Data Processing |
EDP |
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The use of electronics to facilitate communication |
Office automation |
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Performance of office activites free from dependence on a particular physical location |
Virtual office |
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A system that is developed to assist a single manager or small group of manager solve a single problem |
DSS |
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A computer based system that enables the management of all the firms resources, on an orgamization-wide basis |
Enterprise resource planning |
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Raw facts that describe a particular phenomenon |
Data |
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Knowledge about customers, competitors..... |
BI |
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Dimension of info means having access to information no matter where you are |
The location dimension |
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Provides an organization with overall direction and guidance |
Strategic management |
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Develops the goals and strategies outlined by strategic management |
Tactical management |
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Manages and directs the day to day operations and implements of the goals and strategies |
Operational management |
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Who actually perform daily activities |
Non management employees |
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Deacribes specific operational aspects of an organization |
Internal information |
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Descrubes the environment surrounding the oranization |
External information |
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Quantifiably describes something that is known |
Objecive information |
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Attempts to describe something that is known |
Subjective information |
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Person who knows how and when to apply technology |
Technology-literate knowledge worker |
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An environment in which an organization distributes computing power and locates it in functional business areas asa well as on the desktops of knowledge workers |
Decentralized computing |
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An environment in which an organization's information is organized in one or more central locations, allowing anyone to access and use it as he or she needs to. |
Shared information |
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A broad general term describing your ability to use technology to wirelessly connect to and use centrally located information and/ or application software. |
Mobile computing |
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Large computers that perform the bulf of computer operations |
Mainframes computer |
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Computers used by one person |
Microcomputer /PCs |
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Tool use to enter information and commands |
Input device |
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Most often used input devices for desktop and ntebook computers |
Keyboards |
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Most frequently used input devices for PDAs and tablet PCs |
Styluses |
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A pointing device that use to click icons or buttons |
Mouse |
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Similar to mechanical mouse, but it has the ball on top of it |
Trackball |
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Little dark rectangle that you use to move the cursor with you finger, often found on notebook computers |
Touchpad |
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Little rod used almost exclusively on notebook computers |
Pointing stick |
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Steering wheel and foot pedals for virtual driving |
Gaming wheel |
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Controls action with a vertical handle and programmable buttons |
Joystick |
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A multifunctional input device with programmable buttons, thumb sticks and a directional pad |
Gamepad |
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Used to convert information that exists in visiblr form into electronic form |
Scanners |
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Captures images, phoros, text, and artwork |
Image scanner |
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Reads info that is in the form of vetical bars |
Bar code scanner |
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Detects the presence or absence of a mark in a predetermined spot on the page |
Optical mark reader |
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Reads character that appear on a page or sales tags |
Optical character reader |
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Scans some human physical attributes |
Biometric scanner |
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Capture audio for conversion into electronic form |
Microphones |
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A tool use to see, hear, or otherwise recognize the result of your information-processing request |
Output device |
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Monitors that look like traditional television sets |
CRTs |
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Thin, lightweight monitors that take up much less space than CRTs |
Flat panel displays |
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Magnetic storage device with one or more thin metal plates or disks that store info sealed inside the disk drive |
Hard disk |
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High capacity removable storage medium |
Zip disk |
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A removable magnetic storage medium that holds 1.44 meg of info |
Floppy disk |
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An optical or laser disc whose information cannot be change |
CD- ROM |
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Optical or laser disc you can write to one time only |
CD -R |
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Optical or laser disc on which you can save, change and delete files as often u like |
CD-RW |
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High capacity optical or laser disks whose info cannot be changed |
DVD ROM |
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Specification for formatting data to be transferred between communication equipment |
Protocol |
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Piece of the total data |
Packet |
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A circuit that is always open to ur communication traffic |
Private line |
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Allow knowledge workers to access company information via a web interface |
Enterprise Information Portals EIPs |
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Presents knowledge workers with access to workgroup information such as e-mails, reports, meeting minutes, and memos |
Collaborative processing enterprise information portal |
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Presents knowledge workers with corporate info. For making key business decisions |
Decision processing enterprise information portal |
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Display key info gathered from several sources on a computer screen in a format tailored to the needs and wants of an individual knowledge worker |
Digital dashboards |
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Allows separate application to communicate directly with each other |
Integration |
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The concept that different computer systems and applications can talk to each other |
Interoperability |
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Encompass all the technologies that are used to transmit and process information on and across a network, most specifically the internet |
Web services |
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High capacity where you can write one time only |
DVD-R / DVD +R |
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High capacity which you can save, change and delete files |
DVD-RW / DVD +RW |
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Flash memory storage device that is small enough to fit on a king ring and plugs directly into the USB port on your computer |
Flash memory device |
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High capacty storage laminated inside a small piece of plastic |
Flash memory cards |
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consists of retrieving, decoding, and executing the instruction, then retrning the result to RAM if necessary |
CPU cycle |
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The subunit of the CPU that directs what happens in your computer, sends to RAM for instructions and the info it needs |
Control unit |
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Consists of electrical pathways that move info between basic components of the motherboard |
System bus |
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A type of memory on the cpu where instructions called up by the CPU wait until the cpu is ready to use them |
CPU cache |
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Software you use to meet your specific info-processing needs, including payroll, customer relationhip management, project management, training, word processing and many others |
Application software |
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Helps u perform personal tasks- writing memo, creating a graph and creating a slide presentation |
Personal Productivity Software |
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Application software that is unique to a particular industry |
Vertical market software |
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Application software that is general enough to be suitable for use in a variety of industries |
Horizontal market software |
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Category of software that controls how your various technology tools work together as you use your applicaion software to perform specific information processing tasks |
System software |
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Software that controls how your various technology tools work together as you use your application software to perform specific info-processing tasks |
Operating system software |
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Software that adds functionality to your operating system software |
Utility software |
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Utility software that helps you save info if your system crashes |
Crash-proof software |
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Utility software that you can use to remove software from your hard disk that you no longer want |
Uninstaller software |
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Utility software that organizes your info on your hard disk in the most efficient way |
Disk optimization software |
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Smallest unit of data, it represents the smallest amoubt of data that might be retrieved from a computer at a given time |
Data field |
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Collection of related data fields |
Record |
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Collection of related records, such as file of all records containing course codes and title fields |
File |
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Collection of files or the collection of all firms data controlled and administered by database management system software |
Database |
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Software that stores the structure of a database, the dara itself, and relationships among data in the database, and forms and reports pertaining to the database |
Database management system DBMS |
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Developed to allow retrieval of specific records. It allws given record to point to any other record in the database |
Network database structure |
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Accepts logical requests from the various other DBMS subsystems |
DBMS engine |
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Helps you create and maintain the data dictionary and define the structure of the files in a database |
Data definition subsystem |
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Helps u add, change, and delete info. In a database and query it for valuable info. |
Data manipulation subsystem |
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Helps u manage overall database environment by providing facilities for backup and recovery, security management, and change environment |
Daa administration subsystem |
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Logical collection of information-gathered from many different operational databases-used to create BI that supports business analysis activities and decision making tasks |
Data warehouse |
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Software tools use for query information in a data warehouse. |
Data mining |
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Similar to SQL and report generators in the typical database environment. |
Query-and-reporting tools |
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Utilize various specific intelligence tools such as neural networks and fuzzy logic to form the basis of "information discovery" and building business intelligence in OLAP |
Intelligence agents |
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Help u apply various mathematical models to the information stored in a data warehouse to discover new info. |
Statistical tools |
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Subset of data warehouse in which only a focused portion of the data warehouse info is kept |
Data mart |
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Protocols provide standards for transmitting data at speed from 1.5mbps to 32mbps (32 milliong bits per second) over standard telephone lones |
Integrated services digital network (ISDN) ans Digital subscriber lind (DSL) |
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Connect to the internet via the coaxial cable that is common for receiving cable television. Also, it generally reach a speed of 2mbps |
Cable modems |
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A path that is always open-always connected |
Circuit |
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A circuit that is always open to your communication traffic |
Private line |
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An organization needs to use an internet service provider that uses tunneling software |
Virtual Private Netwoks (VPN) |
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Simply establishes the set of intermediary locations of the telephone equipment that will host a given data communication transfer |
Tunneling software |
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Acts as an intermediary between the data moving to and from the computer or other device and the network |
Network interface card (NIC) |
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A group of computers and other devices (such as printers) that are connected together |
Local area network (LAN) |
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One that has a physical distance limit of roughly 30miles. Also, it might be the network that connects all of the suites in a building of an organization together |
Metropolitan area network (MAN) |
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Used to connect computers and other devices when thr distance exceeds constraints of LANs and MANs. |
Wide area networks (WANs) |
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An internal organization internet that is guarded against outside access? Also it is guarded by special security feature called? |
Intranet Firewall |
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An intranet that is restricted to an organization and certain outsiders, such as customers and suppliers. |
Extranet |
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It is public. Anyone with a computer and access to the communication medium can travel this? |
Internet |
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Supplies software applications over the internet that would otherwise reside on its customers in-house computers |
Application service providers (ASP) |
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Define the specific responsibilities of the application service provider and set the customer expectations. |
Service level agreements (SLA) |
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Credited with shedding the most light on thr competitive advantage concept and contributes ideas of value chains and value systems |
Michael E. Porter |
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A physical system that is managed through the use of a conceptual system |
Firm |
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Include personnel, material, machines, and money |
Physical resource flow |
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A two-way flow of data and information that connects the firm to its environment is at the right |
Conceptual resource flow |
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One that can control otself by means of a control mechanism |
Closed-loop system |
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Organizations and individuals that exist outside the firm and have direct and indirect influence on the firm |
Environmental elements |
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The eight elements exist in a larger system called? |
Society |
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Also called vendors, supply the materials, machines, services, people, and info that are used by the firm to produce its products and services |
Suppliers |
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Include bthw current and prospective users |
Customers |
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Organizations of both skilled and unskilled workers for certain trades and industires |
Labor unions |
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Consists of institutions that influence the money resources that are available to the firm |
Financial community |
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Persons who invest money in the firm and represent the ultimate owners of the firm |
Stockholders or owners |
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Include all of the organizations that compete with the firm with its marketplace. |
Competitors |
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On the national, state or province,, and local levels, provides constraints in the form of laws and regulations. |
Government |
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The geographic area where the firm perform its operations. |
Global community |
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Refers to the use of information to gain leverage in the marketplace |
Competitive advantage |
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Consists of primary and support activities that contribute to margin |
Value chain |
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The value of the firm's products and service less their costs |
Margin |
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Firm create value by performing activities which porter calls? |
Value activities |
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Obtain raw materials and supplies form the suppliers |
Inbound logistics |
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Transform the raw materials into finished goods |
Operations |
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Transport the goods to customers |
Outbound logistics |
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Operations that identify customer needs and obtain orders |
Marketing and sales |
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Activities that maintain good customer relationship after the sale |
Service |
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The organizational setting that influences all of the primary activities seperately in some combination |
Infrastructure |
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Consists of all those activities related to managing the firm's personnel, including those functions that managers perform and those roles that they play |
Human resource management |
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Includes all activites that involve technology in an effective manner |
Technology development |
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Concerned with obtaining such resources as materials and machines, which are used by the primary activities |
Procurement |
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The direction of information system can change the direction of the firm |
Strategic level |
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Managers can specify how the strategic plans will be implemented |
Tactical level |
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Managers can use information technology in a variety of ways for data capture and information creation |
Operational level |
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Tracks inventory and information among business processes and across companies |
Supply chain management (SCM) |
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An IT system that supports supply chain management activities by automating the tracking of inventory and information among business processes across companies |
SCM system |
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An approach that produces or delivers a product or service just at the time the customer wants it. |
Just in time (JIT) |
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Set of processes that plans for and controls the efficient and effective transportation and storage of supplies from suppliers to customers |
Logistics |
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Ensuring the right quantity of parts for prouction or products for sale arrive at the right time |
Fulfillment |
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Keeping the cost of transporting material as low as possible consistent with safe and reliable delivery |
Logistics |
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Ensuring production lines function smoothly because high quality parts are available when needed |
Production |
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Ensuring no salrs are lost because shelves are empty |
Revenue and profit |
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Keeping the cost pf purchased parts and products at acceptable levels |
Spend |
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Uses information about customers to gain insights into their needs, wants, and behaviors in order to serve them better |
Customer relationship management system |
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Automatically track all the steps in the sales process |
Sales force automation (SFA) |
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A knowledge about customrrs, competitors... |
BI |
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A business intelligence focused on the external competitive environment. |
Competitive intelligence (CI) |
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A logical collection of information-gathered from many different operational databases. |
Data warehouse |
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Subset of data warehouse |
Data mart |
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A new kind of services where commercial activity is conducted through the internet |
E-commerce |
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Include procurement, ordering and replenishment of stocks..... |
Production processes |
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Include promotional and marketing efforts, selling over the internet |
Customer-focused processes |
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Include employee services, training, internal information shating, and video conferencing |
Internal management processes |
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Companies are those that have launched a website without any previous existence as a firm |
Pure-click or pure-play |
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Companies are those existing companies that have added an on-line site for e-commerce. |
Bricks-and-clicks |
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On-line retailers that later open physical locations to supplement their on-line efforts. |
Click-to-brick |
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Involves electronic transaction for ordering, purchasing, as well as other administrative tasks between houses. It is also predicted to become the largest value sector of the industey within a few years |
Business-to-Business (B2B) Model |
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Involves transactions between business organizations and customers |
Business to consumer (B2C) Model |
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Involves transaction between consumers |
Consumer to consumer (C2C) Model |
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Involves a transaction that is conducted between a consumer and a business organization. |
Consumer to Business (C2B) Model |
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One which allows the flow of information to be automated between organizations in order to reach a desired supply-chain management system, which enables the development of competitive organizations |
Inter-organizational system (IOS) |
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Refers to paperless monetary transactions |
Electronic payment system (EPS) |
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That charges no interest but requires the user to pay the balance in full upon receipt of the statement, usually on a monthly basis |
Charge card |
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A small plastic card with a unique number attached with an account. |
Credit card |
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Amounts get deducted from card's bank account immediately and there sjould be sufficient balance in bank account for the transaction |
Debit card |
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A type of computer embedded chip card that stores and transacts encrypted data between users |
Smart card |
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Similar to regular cash which enables transactions between customers without the need for banks or other third parties |
E-cash |
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The result of cooperation among several banks, government entities, technology companies and e-commerce organizations |
E-check |
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Can be used for billing by banks and financial institutions |
Micropayment |
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A system of transferring money from one bank account directly to another without any paper money changing hands. |
Electronic fund transfer (EFT) |
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Emphasizes access to and manipulation of a statistical, financial, optimization, or simulation model |
A model-driven DSS |
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Emphasizes access to and manipulation of a time series of internal company data, sometimes, external data. |
A data-driven DSS |
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Uses network and communication technologies to facilitate collaboration on decision-making. |
A communication-driven DSS |
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Provides specialized problem solving expertise stored as facts, rules, procedures, or in similar structures. |
A knowledge-driven DSS |
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Can be implemented im business to improve work processes and add to the functionality of business systems |
Artifical Intelligen (AI) |
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A set of interrelated elements each of which is related directly to every other element |
System |
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A conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project |
System development life cycle |
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A systems development method in which a prototype is built, tested, and then reworked as necessary until an acceptable prototype is finally achieved from which the complete system or product can now be developed |
Prototyping Model |
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A concept that products can be developed faster and of higher quality |
Rapid Application Development RAD |
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The analysis and design of workflows and processes within and between organizations |
Business process redesign |
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Davenport & short define this as a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined business outcome. |
Business process |
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The process as the extent of sequential flow of input and output among participating functions |
Degree of mediation |
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The process is the extent of information exchange and mutual adjusment among functions when participating in the same process |
Degree of collaboration |
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Involves the contracting out of a busineds process to another party. Also it involves transferring employess and assets from one firm to another, but not always |
Outsourcing |
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It's a temporary group activity designed to produce a unique product, service or result |
Project |
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It has a defined beginning and end in time, and therefore defined scope and resources |
A project is TEMPORARY |
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It is not a routine operaion, but a specific set of operations designed to accomplish a singular goal. |
Project is UNIQUE |
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Application of knowledge, skills, and techniques to execute projects effectively and efficiently. |
Project management |
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A written description of your business future, a document that tells what you plan to do and how you plan to do it |
Business plan |
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These are the re-engineering initiatives to help organizations to streamline their processes and save substantial amounts of money by eliminating unnecessary or duplicatr activities |
Business improvement |
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The investment in business enabling initiatives can be considered informational invesments |
Business-enabling |
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These are small scale, experimental initiatives designed to test thr viability of new and emerging IT to supprt business |
Business opportunities |
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Basic concepts and fundamental principles of decent human conduct |
Ethics |
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The role of business in the national and international organization of society |
Macro level |
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The corporate social responsibility ethical issues facing individual corporate entities when formulating and implementing strategies |
Corporate level |
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The behavior and actions of indivudals within organizations |
Individual level |
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A sphere of personal control from which others can be excluded qt will |
Privacy |
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