Computer Concept

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Desktop Microcomputer:

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Microcomputer: a personal computer based on a microprocessor

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WorkStation:

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a desktop computer that is conventionally considered to be morepowerful than a microcomputer

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Laptop or Notebook:

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a portable computer small enough to use on one’s lap

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Mainframe:

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A large, powerful, expensive computer system capable of accommodatinghundreds of users doing different computing tasks.

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Server:

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A computer and its associated storage devices that are accessed remotelyover a network by users.

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Handheld:

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Compact enough to be used or operated while being held in the hand orhands: a hand-held video camera

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Boot Process:

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Bootstrapping is the process of starting up a computer from a halted orpowered-down condition

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input:

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information that is created or collected and fed into the system

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Base 2 binary code:

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A numbering system with only two digits numbers are 0 and 1. Allnumbers are comprised of only these two digits.

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Data:

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facts used by a computer

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Information:

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Processed, stored or transmitted data

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Output:

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Useful information that leaves the system; i.e. processed information

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System Unit:

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The main body of a computer, consisting of a plastic or metal enclosure, the motherboard, hard drives, optical drives, RAM, power supply, cooling fans, and whatever circuit boards plugged into the motherboard, such as a video card.

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CPU

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Central processing unit. The “brains” of the computer. The CPU is housed on a tiny silicon chip that contains millions of switches and pathways that help your computer interpret and execute instructions. This is where the mathematical calculations and logical comparisons are done.

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Circuits:

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(a) A closed path followed or capable of being followed by an electric current. (b) A configuration of electrically or electro magnetically connected components or devises

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Silicon chip:

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a small crystal of silicon semiconductor fabricated to carry out a number of electronic functions in an integrated circuit

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MHz:

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Millions of cycles per second, a unit (hertz) used to measure clock speed in computers.

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Pentium:

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the name given to Intel’s P5 chip, the successor to the 80486. The name waschosen because of difficulties Intel had in trade marking a number. It suggests the number five (implying 586) while (according to Intel) conveying a meaning of strength “like titanium”. Among hackers, the plural is frequently “pentia”

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RAM:

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Random Access Memory. It is the main memory and stores data and programswhile the computer is running. When the computer is turned off anything in main memory disappears. Computer can read from and write to this memory

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ROM:

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Read Only Memory. A computer chip that stores specific instructions to managethe computer’s operation. Unlike main memory, this type of memory is non-volatile—the instructions remain permanently on the chip and cannot be changed.

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Bit:

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a fundamental unit of information having just two possible values, either 0 or 1

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Byte:

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a sequence of adjacent bits, usually eight, operated on as a unit by a computer(used to measure size)

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Kilobyte (KB):

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A unit of computer memory or data storage capacity equal to 1,024bytes (210 bytes or One thousand bytes)

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Megabyte (MG):

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a unit of computer memory or data storage capacity equal to 1,024 KB(220 bytes)

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Gigabyte (GB):

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a unit of computer memory or data storage capacity equal to 1,024megabytes (230 bytes)

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Terabyte (TB):

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a unit of computer memory or data storage capacity equal to 1,024gigabytes (240 bytes)

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Storage devices:

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a hardware device, such as a hard drive (Usually the C-Drive),CD (700 MB), DVD (4.7 GB ), or USB drive (some can hold more than 2GB) used to record and store data.

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Write-protected:

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to modify (a file or disk) so that its data cannot be edited or erased

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Format:

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Prepares a disk for use on a specific type of drive by imprinting the disk withthe information it needs to work in that particular kind of drive. Also the ability to control the appearance and layout of data in a file.

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CD-ROM:

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a compact disk that functions as read-only memory