Computer Communications And Networking

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Network

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When you have two or more computers connected to each other. The purpose of this is to enable the sharing of files and information between multiple systems

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LAN

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is a computer network limited to a small area such as an office building, university, or even a residential home.

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WAN

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is similar to a Local Area Network (LAN), but it's a lot bigger. Unlike LANs, these are not limited to a single location.

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Hub

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This is a hardware device that is used to network multiple computers together. It is a central connection for all the computers in a network, which is usually Ethernet-based.

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Switch

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is used to network multiple computers together and, unlike a hub, it can limit the traffic to and from each port so that each device connected to it has a sufficient amount of bandwidth.

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Router

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This is a hardware device that routes data from a local area network (LAN) to another network connection. It acts like a coin sorting machine, allowing only authorized machines to connect to other computer systems.

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Server

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This is a computer that provides data to other computers. It may serve data to systems on a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) over the Internet.

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IP Address

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this is a code made up of numbers separated by three dots that identifies a particular computer on the Internet. Every computer, whether it be a Web server or the computer you're using right now, requires this to connect to the Internet.

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MAC Address

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is a hardware identification number that uniquely identifies each device on a network. This is manufactured into every network card, such as an Ethernet card or Wi-Fi card, and therefore cannot be changed.

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Bus Topology Advantage

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easy and cheap to install as it doesn't require much cable.

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Bus Topology Disadvantage

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As more workstations are connected the performance of the network will become slower because of data collisions

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Star Topology Advantage

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This type of network can transfer data quickly, even if there are a large number of devices connected because the data only flows in one direction, so there won’t be any data collisions.

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Star Topology Disadvantage

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Too much dependency on central device. If it fails whole network goes down.

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Backup

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Is a copy of one or more files created as an alternate in case the original data is lost or becomes unusable.

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The Internet

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Countless networks and computers connected together via cable, wireless and satellite, allowing millions of people to share information.

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Modem

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It allows one computer to connect another computer and transfer data over telephone lines. Either internet or external.

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HTML

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This is the language that Web pages are written in. Also known as hypertext documents, Web pages must conform to the rules of this in order to be displayed correctly in a Web browser.

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Compression

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Is used to reduce the size of one or more files. Often used to save disk space and reduce the time needed to transfer files over the Internet.

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Lossy file compression

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Removes data from the original file with the resulting file often taking up much less disk space than the original. Typically associated with image files.

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Lossless file compression

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Reduces a file's size with no loss of quality. Basically rewrites the data of the original file in a more efficient way.

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Packet

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This is a small amount of computer data sent over a network.

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Protocol

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A common set of rules and instructions that each computer follows.