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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arithmetic and Logic Unit |
Carries out arithmetic calculations (+-*/) and logical operations such as AND OR NOT |
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Control unit |
Responsible for initially the fetching, decoding and execution of instructions |
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Memory address register (MAR) |
Holds the address of the memory location where data is to be written to/read from |
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Memory data register (MDR) |
Holds the data that is to be written to or read from memory |
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Buses |
Multiple wires/lines that connect the processor and main memory |
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Cache memory |
Fast access memory located at or near processor which holds frequently used instructions |
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Bootstrap loader |
A small programming stored in ROM which is executed at start up |
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Interface |
Goes between the computer and a device do they can work together |
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Serial transmission |
Where data is transferred one bit after another down a single channel |
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Parallel transmission |
Where multiple bits are transferred down multiple channels simultaneously |
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Concatenation |
To join two or more strings together to make a new string |
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Sub string |
Extracting characters from a larger string to produce a smaller string |
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Addressability |
The way in which the processor identifies each memory location |
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Read line |
Signal on control bus to initiate a memory read operation |
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Write line |
Signal on control bus to initiate a memory write operation |
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Clock line |
Provides a series of clock pulses into the processor to synchronise events |
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Reset line |
Signal on control bus to stop execution of current programming and resets registers |
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Interrupt |
Signal on control bus which deals with interrupting devices such as printers |
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Sample rate |
How often a sample of audio is taken per second |
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Sample depth |
How many bits are used to describe the sound in one sample |
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Twos complement |
The binary system used to represent negative numbers in the computer |
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Floating point |
The binary system used to represent real numbers using two parts: the mantissa and the exponent |
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Precision of a floating point number |
Is affected by the number of bits allocated to the mantissa |
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Range of the floating point number |
Is affected by the number of bits allocated to the exponent |
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Low level language |
Programming language closer to the computer's hardware e.g binary |
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High level language |
Programming language closer to human language e.g English-like |
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Machine code |
A low level language based on binary instructions 01000111 |
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Assembly code |
A low level language based pneumonics which is hardware dependent |
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Translator |
A program that translates a high level language into machine code |
