Computer

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System Software

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consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.

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Operating System (OS)

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is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources.

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Booting

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the process of starting or restarting a computer

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Cold Boot

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turning on a computer that has been powered off completely.

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Warm Boot

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is the process of using the operating system to restart a computer.

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Boot Drive

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is the drive from which your personal computer boots (starts).

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Boot Disk or a Recovery Disk

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contains a few system files that will start the computer.

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Live

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is used with a type of media, such as Live CD or Live USB, this usually means the media can be used to boot the computer.

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Sleep mode

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saves any open documents and programs to RAM.

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Hibernate

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saves any open documents and programs to a hard disk.

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User Interface

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controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen.

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Graphical

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a user interacts with menus and visual images

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Command-line

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a user types commands or presses special keys on the keyboard.

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Single User/Single Tasking Operating System

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allows only one user to run one program at a time.

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Single User/Multitasking Operating System

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allows a single user to work on two or more programs that reside in memory at the same time.

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Foreground

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is the active program, that is, the one you currently are using.

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Background

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the other programs running but not in use are in.

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Pre-emptive Multitasking

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the operating system interrupts a program that is executing and passes control to another program waiting to be executed.

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Multi-user

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operating system enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously.

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Multiprocessing Operating System

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supports two or more processors running programs at the same time

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Memory Management

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is to optimize the use of random access memory (RAM).

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Virtual memory

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is a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional RAM.

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Task or Job

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an operation the processor manages.

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Driver, short for Device Driver

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is a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device.

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Plug and Play

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means the operating system automatically configures new devices as you install them.

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Performance Monitor

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is a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices.

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Automatic Update

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automatically provides updates to the program.

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Server Operating System

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organizes and coordinates how multiple users’ access and share resources on a net.

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Network Administrator

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uses the server operating system to add and remove users, computers, and other devices and/or install software and administer network security work.

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User Name or User ID

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identifies a specific user.

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Password

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is a private combination of characters associated with the user name.

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Stand-alone Operating System

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is a complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device.

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Windows Vista

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is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operating system to date and is available in multiple editions.

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Macintosh Operating System

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has set the standard for operating system ease of use

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UNIX

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is a multitasking operating system developed in the early 1970s

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Linux

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is an open-source, popular, multitasking UNIX-type operating system.

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Server Operating System

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is an operating system that is designed specifically to support a network. A server operating system typically resides on a server

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Solaris

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a version of UNIX developed by Sun Microsystems, is a server operating system designed specifically for e-commerce applications.

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NetWare

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Novell’s NetWare is a server operating system designed for client/server networks.

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Embedded Operating System

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resides on a ROM chip on a mobile device or consumer electronic device

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Utility Program

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is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks.

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File Manager

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is a utility that performs functions related to file management.

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Search Utility

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is a program that attempts to locate a file on your computer based on criteria you specify.

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Uninstaller

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removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files.

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Image Viewer

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allows users to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file.

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Disk Cleanup

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utility searches for and removes unnecessary files.

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Disk Defragmenter

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reorganizes the files and unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster.

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Backup Utility

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allows users to copy files to another storage medium.

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Restore Utility

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reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form.

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Screen Saver

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causes a display device’s screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no activity occurs for a specified time.

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Personal Firewall

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detects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions.

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Antivirus Program

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protects a computer against viruses by identifying and removing any computer viruses found in memory, on storage media, or on incoming files.

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Computer Virus

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describes a potentially damaging computer program that affects, or infects, a computer negatively.

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Worm

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copies itself repeatedly, for example, in memory or over a network, using up system resources and possibly shutting down the system.

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Trojan horse

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it hides within or looks like a legitimate program such as a screen saver.

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Spyware Remover

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is a program that detects and deletes spyware and other similar programs.

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Adware Remover

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is a program that detects and deletes adware.

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Spyware

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is a program placed on a computer without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects information about the user, often related to Web browsing habits.

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Adware

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is a program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on Web pages, e-mail, or other Internet services.

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Filters

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are programs that remove or block certain items from being displayed.

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File Compression Utility

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shrinks the size of a file(s).

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Media Player

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allows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files on your computer.

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Disc Burning Software

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writes text, graphics, audio, and video files on a recordable or rewritable optical disc.

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Personal Computer Maintenance Utility

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identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer’s performance.