Comptia Network +

Front 1

Unshielded Twiste Pair

Back 1

Contains four wires that can transmit and receive data.

Front 2

Layer 1 (Physical)

Back 2

Anything that moves data from one system to another, such as copper, cabling, fiber optics, and even radio waves.

Front 3

Network Interface Card (Layer 1)

Back 3

Serves as the interface between the PC and Network. This allows each system with a unique identifier AKA the MAC Address: 00-40-05-60-7D-49

Front 4

FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

Back 4

MAC Broadcast address.

Front 5

Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

Back 5

Any device that deals with a MAC address. The only layer that has sublayers.

Front 6

Logic Link Control (LLC) (Sublayer)

Back 6

Aspect of the NIC that talks to the OS, places data from the software into frames and creates the CRC on each frame.

Front 7

Meada Access Control (Sublayer)

Back 7

It remembers the NIC's own MAC address and attaches MAC addresses to the frames. It also ensures that the frames, now complete with their MAC Address, are then sent along the network cabling.

Front 8

Genereic Frame (Left to Right)

Back 8

Recipient's MAC Address, Senders MAC Address, Data, Frame Check Sequence (FCS)

Front 9

Large Networks

Back 9

Large networks need a logical addressing method, like a postal code or telephone numbering scheme, that ignores the hardware and enables you to break up the entire large network into smaller networks called subnets.

Front 10

Network Protocol

Back 10

It creates a unique identifier for each system, and also creates a set of communication rules for issues like how to handle data chopped up into multiple packets and how to ensure those packets get from one subnet to another

Front 11

Network Layer (Layer 3)

Back 11

Packets get created and addressed so they can go from one network to another. The last layer that deals directly with hardware.

Front 12

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

Back 12

The most famous protocol.

Front 13

Internet Protocol (IP)

Back 13

The primary logical addressing protocol for TCP/IP. It makes sure that a piece of data gets to where it needs to go on the network. It does this by giving each device on the network a unique numeric identifier called an IP Address.

Front 14

IP Address

Back 14

Also known as the logical address to distinguish it from the physical address. Stored in the system's software. T Uses a dotted decimal notation based on 4 8 bit numbers ranging from 0-255.

Front 15

Routers

Back 15

They connect each of the subnets. They use the IP address to forward data. This enables networks to connect accross data lines that don't use Ethernet.

Front 16

TCP/IP Data Transmission

Back 16

The data must be wrapped up in two distinct containers. A frame of some type enables the data to move from one device to another. Inside the frame is a packet.

Front 17

Packet

Back 17

Inside the frame is both an IP-specific container that enables routers to determine where to send data - regardless of the physical connection type - and the data itself.

(Destination IP Address, Source IP Address, Data)

Front 18

Transport Layer (Layer 4)

Back 18

It breaks up the data into chunks. It's the assembler/dissasembler software. It also initializes requests for packets that were not received in good order.

Front 19

The Session Layer (Layer 5)

Back 19

Handles all the sessions for a system. It initiates sessions, accepts incoming sessions, and opens and closes existing sessions. The Session layer also keeps track of computer naming conventions, such as calling your computer SYSTEM01 or some other type of name that makes more sense.

Front 20

The Presentation Layer (Layer 6)

Back 20

Handles the conversion of data into formats that are readable by the system. The least important, and least used.

Front 21

The Application Layer (Layer 7)

Back 21

Refers to the code built into all operating systems that enables network aware apps.

Front 22

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)

Back 22

Programmers use these to make their programs network aware. They provide a standard way for programmers to enhance or extend an application's capabilities.

Front 23

Link Layer (TCP/IP)

Back 23

Cabling, hubs, physical addresses and NICs. Any part of the network that deals with complete frames is in the link layer. The moment the frame information is stripped away from an IP Packet, we move to the Internet Layer.

Front 24

Internet Layer (TCP/IP)

Back 24

Any device or protocol that deals with pure IP Packtes - getting an IP Packet to its destination - sits in the internet layer.

Front 25

Transport Layer (TCP/IP)

Back 25

Connection Oriented vs Connection Less. The transport layer deals with segments.

Front 26

Connection Oriented

Back 26

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

( Destination Port, Source Port, Sequence #, Checksum, Flags, Acknowlegment, Data )

Front 27

Connectionless Oriented

Back 27

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

( Destination Port, Source Port, Sequence #, Checksum,Data )

Front 28

The Application Layer

Back 28

Every application must know how how to initiate, control, and disconnect from a remote system.

Front 29

TCP/IP Model

Back 29

The application layer programs the data. The Transport Layer breaks the data into chunks, putting them into TCP segments, and UDP datagrams. The Internet Layer adds the IP addressing, and creates the IP Packets. The LInk Layer wraps the IP packet into a frame, with the MAC address information and a frame check sequence (FCS)