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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 9 components of vocal hygiene?
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increase hydration. relative voice rest. avoid coughing/clearing throat. avoid alcohol and smoking. increase natural saliva. increase humidification. avoid strenuous exercise or laying down after eating
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what is the rationale behind testing a clients fundamental frequency/habitual pitch?
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to determine the pitch level of the client's normal speaking voice or their most frequently occurring pitch in a number of tasks.
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what is the protocol for testing a client's habitual pitch or fundamental frequency?
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have the client stand with good posture and say ahhh /a/ in their normal speaking voice. take a measurement of the hertz.
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if the client is having difficulty choosing a pitch level what can you have them do?
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they can hum or say uh huh
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what sounds or tasks do you have to test to determine a clients habitual pitch or fundamental frequency?
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ahhh, eee, eww (/a/, /i/, /u/), counting, reading and conversation
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how many trials/run through do you have to do?
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2, but if the client is not within normal limits, then you have to do 3
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what is the fundamental frequency norms for men?
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90 to 146
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what are the fundamental frequency norms for females?
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180 to 261
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what is the rationale behind testing a client's intensity?
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to determine the loudness of the client's normal speaking voice.
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when do you measure the intensity of a client's voice?
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when they are doing the fundamental frequency task
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what is considered the norm for intensity?
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50-70 decibels
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what is the rationale behind testing a client's perturbation?
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to determine the cycle to cycle variations of pitch (jitter) and amplitude (shimmer) in the clients normal speaking voice
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what are jitter and shimmer measurements of?
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they are measurements of quality and adduction of the vocal folds
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when do you test perturbation?
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when you test a client's fundamental frequency or at a separate time using the same tasks, vowels, counting, reading, conversation
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what is considered a normal amount of perturbation?
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2% or under
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what is the rationale behind testing a clients frequency range of phonation?
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to determine the range of phonation that the client can produce from the lowest tone in modal range to the highest in falsetto
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do you demonstrate the task for the vocal range assessment for the client?
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only if necessary
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how do you test a client's frequency range of phonation?
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instruct them to say ahh (/a/) in their normal voice and slide their voice up as high as they can. Then ahh in normal voice and slide down as low as they can go.
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what values do you take when assessing someone's frequency range of phonation?
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the highest note and the lowest note, not including vocal fry
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how many trials do you need to do on the frequency range of phonation task?
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1 trial, unless they are not within normal limits then you need to do 3 trials.
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after you have your frequency range of phonation values, what do you have to do with them?
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calculate the number of octaves.
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what is considered a normal frequency range of phonation?
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2.5 to 3 octaves.
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what is the rationale behind assessing the clients optimum pitch level?
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to determine what would be the best pitch for this client according to their gender and individual vocal mechanism
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what value do you use to compare to the client's optimum pitch?
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they fundamental frequency or habitual pitch.
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how do you assess a client's optimum pitch?
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have client smlide from their normal speaking voice down as low and they can go and hold their lowest clear note. then slide up the scale do- re- mi- fa- sol-la
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when do you stop the client?
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at the note where they sound best. this is your perceptual judgement
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do you demonstrate this task for the client?
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yes
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when do you begin recording on the CSL?
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once the client sustains the proper note
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when should men sound better?
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4 to 5 tones above basal
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when should women sound better?
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4 to 6 notes above basal
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what is the rationale behind testing a clients maximum phonation time?
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to determine if the client can produce an adequate amount of air to sustain phonation efficiently in conversational speech
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how do you assess maximum phonation time?
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have the client take a regular breath and sustain ahh, ee, and eww (/a/,/i/, /u/) as long as humanly possible. Time it.
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can you coach the client when you are assessing their MPT?
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no. you can inform them how much time has gone by, but you cannot coach them
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how many trails of this test do you need to do?
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1. unless they are not within normal limits, then you have to do 3
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what is the normal MPT for adults?
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20 to 25 seconds
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what is the lowest acceptable score for males?
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15 seconds
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what is the lowest acceptable score for females?
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14.3 seconds
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what is the lowest acceptable score for kids?
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10 seconds
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what is the rationale behind testing a client's s/z ratio?
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to determine the relationship between respiration and phonation and they client's efficiency in controlling both
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how do you assess a client's s/z ratio?
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have the client inhale maximally, hold it for a second, and take in more air. instruct the client to release air on S. Time it. Repeat for Z. Time it.
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can you demonstrate the s/z ratio for the client?
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yes
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can you coach the client when assessing the s/z ratio?
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yes!
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how many trials of the s/z ratio are needed?
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1. unless they client is not within normal limits, then 3.
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what is considered a normal s/z ratio
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each phoneme should be about 20-25 seconds each. a ratio of 0.8 to 1.20 is within normal limits. A ratio of 1.4 or greater indicates a pathology.
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what does it tell us if the client's s and z are equal but the client can only sustain them for 15 seconds or less?
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the client does not have adequate breath support. we can not make a judgment about the function of the vocal folds.
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what does it tell us if the client's S is higher than their Z? (a ratio of 1.5)
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the problem is at the level of the vocal folds.
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what does it tell us if the client's Z is higher than their S? (a ratio of 0.5)
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Poor instructions or the client may be malingering. This is not possible. If the client has enough breath support for Z they will have enough for Z.
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what are the tasks included in the voice protocol?
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fundamental frequency, intensity, perturbation, frequency range of phonation, optimum pitch, MPT and S/Z ratio
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