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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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density of water
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colder, shrinks, more dense
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Layers of ocean
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epipelagic 0-200 or light
mesopelagic 200-1000 bathypelagic -1000+ abyssal pelagic- plains hadal pelagic- crevices, trenches |
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thermocline
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thin but distinct layer in a large body of fluid in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below
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biogenic ooze
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remains of long dead life forms
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manganese nodules
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potato sized, containing minerals such as titanium and barium
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Time Periods
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Permian- 225 mya (Pangea)
Triassic- 200 mya (Laurasia, Gondwanaland) Jurassic- 135 mya Cretaceous- 65 mya Present Day |
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Coriolis Effect
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caused by the rotation of the earth
veer to the right in the northern hemisphere to the left in the southern |
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sea level pressure
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at sea level= 1 atmospheric bar or 14.5 psi
every 10 m depth, pressure increases 1 bar dive 10 m, bag deflates in half |
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Wind cells
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Hadley (trades) warm air rises at equator, cools and drops at 30'
Polar (easterlies) push cold air towards equator Ferrel (westerlies) btw the other two cells is dependent upon them |
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El Nino
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Trades of tropics drag water away from equator
Upwelling occurs as cold, more dense water comes up If pressure driving tradewinds dies, thermocline forms in warm water No nutrients can rise up |
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La Nina
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Opposite of El Nino, water temps lower
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Seaweeds
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do not have roots, depend on hold fast
float with gas bladders depend on sun annual or perennial |
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Stipe
Thallus Frond |
Seaweed
Stipe= stem thallus= vegetative body of plant frond= stipe + blade |
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Green algae
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include unicellular and colonial flagellates
chlorophylls a and b giving them bright green color (accessory pigments beta carotene and xanthophylls) and have stacked thylakoids |
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chloroplasts
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organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts capture light energy to conserve free energy in the form of ATP and reduce NADP to NADPH through a complex set of processes called photosynthesis
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beta carotene
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organic compound, red-orange pigment found in fruits
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xanthophylls
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yellow pigment
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thylakoid
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membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria.
They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis |
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phycoerythrin
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red protein from the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family, present in cyanobacteria, red algae
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Red/ Brown seaweed Life cycle
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2 stages
- upstanding filaments -seasonal change causes crusty frond |
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Oceanic Crust
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rich in iron, more dense than continental, basalt
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magetism at ocean ridge
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magnetic lines parallel to ocean ridge frozen in basalt
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age of ocean crust
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does not exceed 200 mya bc of seafloor spreading, youngest at ocean ridge, eventually subducts at convergent boundary
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gabbros
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large group of dark, coarse-grained, intrusive mafic igneous rocks chemically equivalent to basalt
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mafic
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adjective describing a silicate mineral or rock that is rich in magnesium and iron
Common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt and gabbro. |
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apical meristem
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distal end under root cap, cells divide rapidly
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3 regions of apical meristem
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protoderm= dermal tissue
procambium= vascular ground meristem= ground |
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elongation in root
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daughter of meristematic cell elongates = downward growth of roots, have large vacuoles
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differentiation in root
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as area btw cell and apical meristem increases, cells diff into tissue systems
form xylem, phloem, cortex, epidermis |
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xylem
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in vascular plants, living transport tissue, function is to transport water but it also transports some nutrients through the plant.
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phloem
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in vascular plants, living transport tissue that carries organic nutrients. In trees, the phloem is the innermost layer of the bark
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