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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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antigen
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markers that identify the type of cell and help the immune system determine whether the cell is foreign to the organism
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antiseptics
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agents that inhibit the growth of some microorganisms
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asepsis
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absence of disease-causing microorganisms
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bacteria
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most common microorganisms causing disease in humans
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bacterial agent
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agent that prevents growth and reproduction of only some bacteria
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bacteriostatic agent
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agent that prevents growth and reproduction of only some bacteria
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bagging
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means of enclosing dirty, contaminated, or hazardous materials in plastic bags for safe removal and disposal.
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body mechanics
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term used to describe safe, efficient use of the body to move objects and carry out activities of daily living
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carrier
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person or animal that has a pathogenic microorganism living inside
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communicable disease
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disease spread or transmitted by direct or indirect contact
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disease
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process with distinctive signs and symptoms of infection
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disinfectants
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agents that destroy pathogens other than spores
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external disasters
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events outside the hospital that produce a large number of victims
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fulcrum
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fixed point about which a level moves
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fungi
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microorganisms classified as either yeasts or molds
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iatrogenic infection
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infection directly caused by any diagnostic or therapeutic source
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immunity
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resistance of the body to infection
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infection
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invasion and growth of microorganisms in a body tissue
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inflammatory response
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local nonspecific defense reaction of tissues when they are exposed to infection or injury
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internal disasters
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events within the hospital that interrupt services and produce victims
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local infection
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illness caused by microorganisms that are only in a specific part of the body
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medical asepsis
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all practices used to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area
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nosocomial infections
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infections that occur as a result of health care delivery in a heath care setting
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parasites
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microorganisms that live on other living microorganisms
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pathogens
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microorganisms that cause disease
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reservoir
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place where a microorganism naturally lives
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resident flora
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microorganisms that are normal in a particular body area
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resistant organisms
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pathogens that car survive typical treatment with antibiotics
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sepsis
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presence of infection
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septicemia
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condition that exists when bacteria enters the bloodstream and spreads through all of the body's systems
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RACE
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rescue
alarm contain extinguish |
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class A fire
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paper, wood, upholstery, rags, garbage
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class B fire
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flammable liquid or gases
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class C fire
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electrical
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PASS
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point
aim squeeze sweep |
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physiological effects of noise
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increased heart and respiratory rates
increased muscular activity nausea hearing loss |
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chain of infection
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microorganism
reservoir portal of exit method of transmission portal of entry susceptible host |
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factors that affect people's ability to protect themselves
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lifestyle, health status, cognitive awareness, sensory perceptual alterations, emotions, communication ability, safety awareness
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types of safety hazards
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infectious waste (pathogens), hazardous waste (chemicals), excessive noise, electrical equipment, radiation, equipment (training)
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trendelenbburg
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feet higher than head
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lateral bed position
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on side
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sims' bed position
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semi-prone, 1/2 on side 1/2 on stomach
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lithotomy bed position
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female examination
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high fowlers or full fowlers bed position
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60-90 degree angle
respiratory compromise |
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semi fowlers bed position
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30-60 degree angle
cardiac, respiratory or neurosurgical conditions |
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low fowlers bed position
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15-30 degree angle
gastro post op |
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prone bed position
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stomach
tonsillectomy drainage or unconscious client, no infant |
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supine bed position
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flat
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active range of motion
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client can perform without assistance
goal - develop muscle strengthening |
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passive range of motion
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client cannot actively move
cannot contract muscles goal - maintain joint flexibility and prevent contractures |
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contractures
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abnormal shortening of the muscles
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principals of ROM exercises
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stretch muscles by moving
perform 2x a day with 4/5 repetitions support extremity above and below joint involve client in planning program |
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fall prevention
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risk assessment
place near nurse's station decrease environmental risks support elimination needs monitor reaction to meds use wander alarms use grab bars in bathroom keep call light near, answer asap |
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restraint guidelines
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know agency policy
requires MD order observe every 15 minutes release every 2 hours for at least 5 min assess, provide for client's fluid and elimination needs and pain management document everything - why, what, care, MD notification, notification of family |
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types of restraints
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jacket/vest, belt, mitt, limb, elbow, mummy, chemical
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selection of restraint
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least restrictive
does not interfere with treatment readily changeable safe discreet |
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second link reservoir
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where the organism normally lives
humans, animals, plants, insects, birds, food or water |
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third link portal of exit
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the way the organism leaves the reservoir
wound drainage, urine, feces, blood |
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fourth link method of transmission
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the way the organism gets to the host
direct contact - touching indirect contact - vector (mosquito) or formite (stethoscope) airborne - through dust or droplets |
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fifth link portal of entry
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organism enter the same way they left
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sixth link susceptible host
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organism cannot cause infection if the hose is not susceptible
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factors that increase susceptibility
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age, nutrition, diseases, heredity, medications, stress
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types of noscomial infections
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mrsa
c-diff vre |
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active immunity
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body produces its own antibodies
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passive immunity
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person receives antibodies from another source
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virulence
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power of a microorganism to cause a disease in a given host
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latrogenic infection
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infection produce by medicine or physician
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exogenous
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organism that is external to an individual body
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endogenous
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organism that is natural to an individuals body
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first link infectious agent
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pathogenic organism
bacteria, virus, fungus, protozoa |
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standard precautions for blood borne pathogens
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hand washing
barrier devices disposal of contaminated equipment disinfection of reusable equipment and linen |
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PPE order - put on
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gown
mask goggles/face shield gloves |
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PPE order - take off
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gloves
goggles gown mask |
