Comprehensive Nursing Care Chapter 14 Vital Signs And Pain Management

Front 1

acute pain

Back 1

pain that lasts only through the expected recovery period

Front 2

afebrile

Back 2

without fever

Front 3

apical pulse

Back 3

pulse measurement at the apex of the heart

Front 4

apnea

Back 4

periods of no breathing

Front 5

basal metabolic rate BMR

Back 5

rate at which the body metabolizes (burns) food to maintain energy

Front 6

blood pressure

Back 6

measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it flows through the arteries

Front 7

bradypnea

Back 7

abnormally slow rate of breathing

Front 8

bubbling

Back 8

gurgling sounds as air passing through moist secretions in the respiratory tract

Front 9

cardiac output

Back 9

amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute

Front 10

cheyne-stokes breathing

Back 10

rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations, from very deep to shallow breathing and temporary apnea; often associated with cardiac failure, increased intracranial pressure, or brain damage

Front 11

chronic pain

Back 11

pain that lasts beyond the typical healing period

Front 12

crisis

Back 12

stage in fever marked by excessive sweating and hot, flush skin due to sudden vasodilatation; acute, time-limited state of emotional imbalance resulting from sources of stress

Front 13

cutaneous pain

Back 13

pain that originates in the skin or subcutaneous tissue

Front 14

diastolic pressure

Back 14

pressure when the ventricles are at rest; the lower pressure that is present at all times within the arteries

Front 15

dyspnea

Back 15

difficult or labored breathing; the person has a persistent, unsatisfied need for air and feels distressed

Front 16

external respiration

Back 16

refers to the interchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli of the lungs and the pulmonary blood

Front 17

flail chest

Back 17

ballooning out of the chest wall through rib spaces; results in paradoxical breathing, during which the chest wall balloons on expiration but is depressed or sucked inward on inspiration

Front 18

gate control theory

Back 18

theory stating that peripheral nerve fibers carrying pain to the spinal cord can have their message modified at the spinal cord level (the gate) before transmission to the brain

Front 19

hemoptysis

Back 19

blood in the sputum

Front 20

hyperthermia

Back 20

body temperature above the usual range; fever

Front 21

hyperventilation

Back 21

increased rate and depth of respirations

Front 22

hypothermia

Back 22

core body temperature below the lower limit of normal

Front 23

hypoventilation

Back 23

a reduction in the amount of air in the lungs, characterized by shallow respirations

Front 24

intercostal retraction

Back 24

indrawing between the ribs

Front 25

internal respiration

Back 25

interchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the circulating blood and the cells of the body tissue

Front 26

intractable pain

Back 26

chronic pain that persists despite therapeutic interventions

Front 27

neuropathic pain

Back 27

pain felt as the result of a disturbance of the nerve pathways either from past or continuing tissue damage

Front 28

nociceptors

Back 28

receptors that transmit pain sensation

Front 29

nonproductive cough

Back 29

dry, harsh cough without secretions

Front 30

orthostatic hypotension

Back 30

sudden decrease in central blood pressure with position changes

Front 31

pain

Back 31

sensation that is highly subjective and individual; one of the body's defense mechanisms indicating that this is a problem

Front 32

pain reaction

Back 32

pain responses including the autonomic nervous system and behavioral responses

Front 33

pain threshold

Back 33

amount of pain stimulated a person requires in order to feel pain

Front 34

pain tolerance

Back 34

maximum amount and duration of pain that an individual is willing to endure

Front 35

peripheral pulse

Back 35

pulse located in the periphery of the body (foot, hand, or neck)

Front 36

phantom pain

Back 36

a painful sensation perceived in a body part that is missing

Front 37

preemptive analgesia

Back 37

administration of analgesics prior to an invasive or operative procedure; also includes around-the-clock (ATC) analgesia

Front 38

productive cough

Back 38

cough accompanies by expectorated secretions

Front 39

pyrexia

Back 39

hyperthermia, fever, body temperature above the usual range

Front 40

radiating pain

Back 40

pain perceived at the source of the pain that extends to nearby tissues

Front 41

referred pain

Back 41

pain felt in a part of the body that is considerably removed from the tissues causing the pain

Front 42

respiration

Back 42

the act of breathing

Front 43

somatic pain

Back 43

diffuse pain that arises from ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, and nerves

Front 44

stertor

Back 44

snoring or sonorous respiration, usually due to a partial obstruction of the upper airway

Front 45

stridor

Back 45

harsh, high-pitched sound heard during inspirations with laryngeal obstruction

Front 46

substernal retraction

Back 46

indrawing beneath the breastbone

Front 47

suprasternal retraction

Back 47

indrawing above the sternum

Front 48

systolic pressure

Back 48

pressure of the blood as a result of contraction of the ventricles; the pressure of the height of the blood wave

Front 49

tachypnea

Back 49

rapid breathing rate marked by quick, shallow breaths

Front 50

visceral pain

Back 50

pain that results form stimulation of pain receptors in the abdominal cavity, cranium, and thorax

Front 51

viscosity

Back 51

physical property that results from friction of molecules in a fluid

Front 52

wheeze

Back 52

continuous, high-pitched musical squeak or whistling sound occurring on expiration and sometimes on inspiration when air moves through a narrowed or partially obstructed airway

Front 53

factors that affect the body's heat production

Back 53

bmr
muscle activity
thyroxine output
epinephrine, norepinephrine
sympathetic stimulation
fever

Front 54

factors affecting body temperature

Back 54

age
circadian rhythms
exercise
hormones
stress
environment

Front 55

hyperpyrexia

Back 55

very high fever, over 105.8

Front 56

intermittent fever

Back 56

body temp alternates a regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temperatures

Front 57

remittent fever

Back 57

a wide range of temperature fluctuations occurs over a 24 hour period all of which are above normal

Front 58

relapsing fever

Back 58

short febrile periods of a few days are interspersed with periods of 1 or 2 days of normal temperature

Front 59

stroke volume

Back 59

the amount of blood pumped into the arteries with each contraction of the left ventricle

Front 60

factors affecting pulse rate

Back 60

age
sex
exercise
fever
medications
hemorrhage
stress
position changes

Front 61

pulse sites

Back 61

temporal
carotid
apical
brachial
radial
femoral
popliteal
posterior tibial
pedal

Front 62

pulse pressure

Back 62

the difference between the diastolic and systolic pressure

Front 63

factors affecting blood pressure

Back 63

age
exercise
stress
race obseity
sex medication
diurnal variations
disease process