Comprehensive Medsurg Review

Front 1

Active Natural Immunity

Active Artificial Immunity

Back 1

Getting chicken pox (direct exposure to environment)

Flu shot (vaccination)

Front 2

Immune System Hypersensitivities

Type 1

Type 2

Type 3

Type 4

Back 2

1 - Allergic Reactions

2- Myasthenia Gravis. Cytotoxic reactions to "self"

3 - Lupus (SLE) Immune complexes that are not gotten rid of - activates inflammatory response

4- Contact Dermatitis. Latex Allergy. Cell Mediated Immunity

Front 3

Myasthenia Gravis

Back 3

Grave Muscular weakness

Impaired reception of ACH

Antibody-Antigen complex of IgG and anti-ACH antigen

Front 4

Lupus

Back 4

Butterfly rash

Onset between 20-40

Mainly in women

Auto-Antibodies circulate and destroy multiple systems in the body - different for each patient

Front 5

Incidence Definition

Back 5

The number of reported NEW CASES for a particular disease in a given amount of time

Front 6

Primary Varicella

Secondary Varicella

Back 6

Chicken Pox

Shingles

Front 7

least complication at surgery

Back 7

inflammation

Front 8

Respiratory Acidosis Definition

Back 8

pH < 7.35

PaCO2 > 45 mmHg (CO2 retention!)

(Acidic and high CO2)

Commonly caused by COPD, thoracic trauma, and drug overdose

Front 9

metabolic alkalosis

Back 9

pH > 7.45

HCO3- > 27 mEq/L

(Basic and high bicarbonate)

Caused by severe vomiting, excessive antacid usage, diuretics, hypokalemia

Front 10

Hgb (hemoglobin)

Back 10

Amount of iron in blood

Norms: Males 14-18 g/dL Females 12-16 g/dL

Front 11

Doppler Study

Back 11

Used to find DVT

Front 12

Ischemia Definition

Back 12

lack of oxygen

Hypoxia - partial loss

anoxia - complete loss

Front 13

Neoplasm Definition

Back 13

cancer/tumor

Front 14

Hypertrophy Definition

Back 14

An increase in the size of the cell and organ

Front 15

How long does the Inflammation Stage last?

Back 15

1 week

Front 16

4 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

Back 16

Heat

Redness/Erythema (rubor)

Swelling/Edema

Pain

Front 17

What are Neutrophils?

Back 17

WBC that performs initial chemotaxis and phagocytosis

Front 18

Hageman factor does what?

Back 18

The stimulus to stop bleeding - clot formation

Front 19

Fibroblasts are responsible for what?

Back 19

Fibroplasia/Collagen Production

Front 20

Malingerer Definition

Back 20

A patient that continues to complain of pain even after stimulus has been removed - "lingers" in symptomatic form or may have fabricated the symptoms in the first place to avoid military duty, work, get financial compensation, evade criminal prosecution, or obtain drugs.

Front 21

Myofibroblasts are responsible for what?

Back 21

Would Contracture - pulls the edges of the wound together and helps wounds heal - picture frame theory

Front 22

Complete Fracture

Incomplete Fracture

Open Fracture

Closed Fracture

Back 22

Bone is severed into 2 or more separate pieces

The bone is cracked, but still intact overall

Bone protrudes through skin

Skin remains intact, fracture contained within body

Front 23

Fracture Healing Times:

Children

Adolescents

Adults

Back 23

4-6 weeks

6-8 weeks

10-18 weeks

Front 24

Complication of fractures

Back 24

Muscle spasm may cause malunion

Infection

Ischemia

Compartment Syndrome

Fat Emboli

Nerve Damage

Non-Union

Subject to OA or stunted growth

Front 25

Limbic system

Back 25

Mind/body connection

Emotional center of body

Regulates autonomic nervous system

Front 26

Thyroid gland

Back 26

Located below larynx, anterior to trachea

Requires iodine to produce hormones to regulate metabolism

Targets all major body systems

Disorders of the thyroid are more common in females

Front 27

Hyperthyroidism

Back 27

Expothalmos - thyroid secrets too much thyroid hormone - increases body's overall metabolism

"bug-eyed" appearance

Front 28

Most common form of Hyperthyroidism?

Back 28

Grave's Disease

Front 29

Addison's Disease

Back 29

Insufficient adrenal glands - doesn't release enough cortisol - idiopathic and autoimmune

Bronzing of skin

Hypoglycemia

Weakness

JFK had it

Front 30

Clinical presentation of Diabetes

Back 30

Frequent Urination

Thirst; dry mouth

Insatiable

Weight Loss

Blurred Vision

Weakness

Fatigue

Dizziness

Front 31

Research hypothesis

Back 31

the thought that the research will yield a difference between the study groups

Front 32

retrospective study

Back 32

Looks at previous patients that have been discharged over a period of time

Front 33

Xenograft Definition

Back 33

a tissue graft or organ transplant from a donor of a different species from the recipient.

Front 34

Precipitating Factors

Back 34

Specific event(s) that trigger the disease onset (shoveling snow = heart attack)

Front 35

Co-Morbidities Definition

Back 35

When more than one disease/pathology is existing in the body at the same time.

Front 36

Closed Gate Theory

Back 36

A-Beta fibers are non-nociceptive and travel faster than A-Delta and C Fibers - therefore stimulus of A-Beta can block transmission of A-Delta and C Fibers, closing the "gate" to the brain - one reason why massage and trigger point release works - also used for TENS

Front 37

Seeker vs. Avoiding Control and Information

Back 37

Seeker - Wants to know knowledge

Avoider - Doesn't want to know

Front 38

Predisposing Factors Definition

Back 38

Conditions within the individual's health status that promote disease

Front 39

Etiology Definition

Back 39

What conditions CAUSED the disease

Front 40

Where does pain present for patella femoral pain?

Back 40

Patient's usually present with compliant of anterior knee pain that is aggravated by activities that increase patellofemoral compressive forces such as: ascending/descending stairs, sitting with knees bent, kneeling, and squatting.

Front 41

Tennis Elbow

Back 41

Most common overuse injury of the elbow

Carpi Radialis Brevis

Tender point pain at ECRB tendon insertion of LATERAL elbow - pain with resisted wrist extension

Front 42

Adhesive Capsulitis Treatment

Back 42

NOT RICE!!!

Strengthen what's weak, stretch what's tight

Anti-inflammatory meds

Move in pain-free ranges as much as possible

Front 43

Most common meniscus tear?

Back 43

Medial

Front 44

Leggs Calve Perthes

Back 44

Idiopathic childhood version of femoral head avascular necrosis

Most common in boys ages 4-8

Typically unilateral

May need surgery or spica cast

Front 45

Iliopsoas Tendonitis

Back 45

Tender point pain at proximal anterior hip - pain with resisted flexion/palpation

Front 46

Heberons Nodes location

Back 46

DIP

Front 47

Subluxation

Back 47

Joint/capsule ligaments

Front 48

Gout

Back 48

Buildup or uric acid in the blood stream

Predominantly in men, ages 30-50

Longterm mediation, decreased activity, joint protection, avoiding alcohol, and regulating diet are treatments

Front 49

Hill Sachs Lesion

Back 49

Impaction Fracture

Front 50

De Quervain's Syndrome

Back 50

Stenosing Tenosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist

Pain with thumb motions along radial styloid and into lateral forearm

Finkelstein's Sign

Front 51

Peripheral overstretching

Back 51

Brachial Plexus

Front 52

Median Nerve

Back 52

carpal tunnel

Front 53

Right side torticollis

Back 53

rt lateral flex, rotate left

Front 54

unilateral spacicity of SCM

Back 54

Torticollis

Front 55

What ther-ex would you not use for OA

Back 55

high intensity exercise

Front 56

How long to wait before repairing muscles?

Back 56

48 - 72 hours

Front 57

Arthroplasty - Posterior approach

Back 57

Cuts through tissue - no flexion beyond 90 degrees, no adduction beyond neutral, and no IR - most common approach

Front 58

fasciotomy

Back 58

compartment syndrome

Front 59

college soccer/clicking

Back 59

labrum tear

Front 60

Hip dysplasia treatment (braces/harness)

Back 60

pavlic harness - infants

Spica Cast/Brace - 6 months to 1 year old

Front 61

Colles Fracture

Back 61

Fracture of the distal radius with anterior displacement

FOOSH injury

Front 62

TOS - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Back 62

Hypertrophied neck musculature (anterior scalenes and upper trapezius) - Kyphotic posture

"Stingers"

Not caused by FOOSH

Front 63

Plicca

Back 63

synovial folds in knee

Front 64

Gait of someone with an ACL injury

Back 64

Tip toeing/Bent knee

Front 65

Trendelenburg

Back 65

Dropping of the pelvis on the UNAFFECTED side of the body at the moment of heel strike on the AFFECTED side - Glute Meds are weak

Front 66

Spondylosisthesis

Back 66

slippage of vertebrae

Front 67

Radiculopathy

Back 67

peripheralization

Front 68

Wedge shaped fracture of spine treatment

Back 68

Kyphoplasty

Front 69

Upslip

Back 69

SI joint - unilateral elevation of the innominate bones

Front 70

Torsion

Back 70

Rotation of the sacrum - anterior tilt, posterior tilt or left/right rotation

Front 71

Chronic stage Treatment

Back 71

functional exercise

Front 72

Acute ROM

Back 72

ROM decreased because of inflammation

Front 73

Piriformis Syndrom

Back 73

Myofascial pain syndrome

hip rotation, mid buttock tender point pain

Front 74

Plantar fasciatis

Back 74

pain in heel

Front 75

Runner pain

Back 75

IT band syndrome

Front 76

3 bones affected by trimalleolar

Back 76

tibia, fibula, talus

Front 77

ORIF

Back 77

Tibial plateau fracture

Front 78

Osgood Schlatter Syndrome

Back 78

patellar tendon irritation causing disruption of immature bone at the tibial tuberosity

Common in boys 10-15 years of age

Can be seen in girls 8-13 years of age

Abnormally large tibial tuberosities

Front 79

What would you use for stress fracture of lower leg

Back 79

Walking boot

Front 80

DDD Definition

Back 80

Progressive disorder of fibrous layers and the nucleus pulpous - nucleus becomes less fluid and less shock-absorbing - causes stenosis and pinching of peripheral nerves

Front 81

Bankhart Lesion

Back 81

A tear to the anterior labrum of the shoulder, via the inferior glenohumeral ligament

Front 82

Bicipital Tendonitis

Back 82

Bicipital tendon pain in proximal anterior humerus

Front 83

Acute

Subacute

Chronic

Back 83

Beginning stages of disease/illness - sudden onset

Acute stage does not resolve in short period of time

Permanent impairment or disability (acute exacerbations are flare ups of a chronic condition)

Front 84

Sequelae Definition

Back 84

Unwanted RESIDUAL EFFECTS after disease onset

Front 85

Prevalence Definition

Back 85

The TOTAL number of existing cases for a particular disease in a given amount of time

Front 86

Acid/Base ABG levels

Back 86

Ph of 7.35-7.45

Front 87

Sodium

Back 87

> 147 mEq/L

Front 88

Potassium

Back 88

> 5.5 mEq/L

Front 89

Chloride

Back 89

104-110 mEq/L

Front 90

Phosphate

Back 90

2.4-4.8 mg/dL

Front 91

Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Back 91

22-28 mEq

Front 92

PaO2

Back 92

80-100 mmHg

Front 93

PaCO2

Back 93

35-45 mmHg

Front 94

Can you have a meniscus tear with a pure MCL injury?

Back 94

No

Front 95

Medial meniscus tears and LCL injuries are commonly seen in what athletic group?

Back 95

Wrestlers

Front 96

Passive Natural Immunity

Passive Artificial Immunity

Back 96

Antibodies passed from mother to child

Anitbodies given via injection (rabies shot)

Front 97

Simple, Non displaced Fracture

Comminuted Fracture

Segmental Fracture

Butterfly Fracture

Back 97

Single break site that does not displace the bone ends

Multiple fractured areas - bone fragments

Breaks into 2 or more lines - one or more segments of the original bone

Wedge shaped fragment of bone - incomplete fracture