Comprehensive Medical Terminology Ch 8

Front 1

# of cranial nerves

Back 1

12 pairs

Front 2

# of pairs of spinal nerves

Back 2

31 pairs

Front 3

Ganglion

Back 3

Knotlike mass of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system

Front 4

Afferent sensory nerves

Back 4

Sensory nerves which carry impulses from the body to CNS

Front 5

Efferent nerves

Back 5

Motor nerves carry impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands

Front 6

Somatic nervous system

Back 6

Provides voluntary control over skeletal muscle contractions

Front 7

Autonomic nervous system

Back 7

Provides involuntary control over smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular activity, and secretions

Front 8

ANS

Back 8

Autonomic nervous system

Front 9

CNS

Back 9

Central nervous system

Front 10

PNS

Back 10

Peripheral nervous system

Front 11

SNS

Back 11

Somatic nervous system

Front 12

ANS has 2 types of nerves

Back 12

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Front 13

Sympathetic nerves

Back 13

Regulate involuntary body functions as increasing heart rate, constricting blood vessels, and raising blood pressure

Front 14

Parasympathetic nerves

Back 14

Regulate slowing of heart rate, increasing glandular secretions and relaxing sphincters

Front 15

Cells of nervous system

Back 15

Neurons and neuroglia

Front 16

Neuron

Back 16

The nerve cell. Functional unit. Transmits the impulses of the nervous system

Front 17

3 parts of a neuron

Back 17

Cell body, 1 axon, and 1 or more dendrites

Front 18

Cell body

Back 18

Structure containing nucleus and cytoplasm

Front 19

Axon

Back 19

Single slender projection extends away from cell body. Conduct impulses away from cell body

Front 20

Myelin sheath

Back 20

Covers, protects axons, makes them appear white

Front 21

White matter

Back 21

Axons covered in myelin sheath

Front 22

Gray matter

Back 22

Axons not covered with myelin sheath

Front 23

Dendrites

Back 23

Branch from cell body. Conduct impulses toward the cell body

Front 24

Synapse

Back 24

Space between axon of one neuron and dendrite of another that the impulse must cross

Front 25

Interneurons

Back 25

Connecting neurons, conduct impulses from afferent nerves toward motor nerves

Front 26

Neuroglia

Back 26

Connective system that provides a support system for the neurons. Protects the nervous system through phagocytosis by engulfing and suggesting Amy unwanted substances

Front 27

Phagocytosis

Back 27

Engulfing and digesting any unwanted substances

Front 28

3 types of neuroglia cells

Back 28

Astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes

Front 29

Astrocytes

Back 29

Star-shaped cells with numerous radiating processes for attachment. They are the largest and most numerous

Front 30

Blood-brain barrier

Back 30

Astrocytes wrap around the brain's capillaries forming a sheath. This sheath and wall of capillary create the barrier. Thus prevents harmful substances from getting into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid

Front 31

Microglia

Back 31

Small cells with slender branched processes stemming from their bodies engulf debris, waste, and pathogens. During injury our infection of the nerve tissue their number increases and they migrate to the site

Front 32

Oligodendrocytes

Back 32

In the interstitial nervous tissue. Processes fan out from cell body and coil around the axons to form the myelin sheath acts as an electrical insulator and help speed the conduction of nerve impulses

Front 33

Meninges

Back 33

Connective tissue membranes that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Made of 3 layers of protective membranes