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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bureaucratic Structures
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Organizational structures that are typically weak in psychological support and characterized by specialization of function, adherence to strict rules, and a hierarchy of authority.
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seven habits
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Be Proactive, begin with the end in mind, put first things first, think win/win, seek first to understand, synergize and sharpen the saw
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Decision Making
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seeks to unearth and solve the fundamental problem
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Educational leadership
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Prior to the 1930s, the early forms of managerial leadership emerged in schools as part of the scientific management movement.
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Managerial Style
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Assumes the central focus of leadership are on functions, tasks and behaviors
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Mentoring
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guides another individual in the protocol and processes of an organization
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Motivation
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The force within people
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Moral Leadership Style
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Focus of leadership is on the values and ethics of the leaders themselves.
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Organizational Culture
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System of shared beliefs within an organization that guide development and behavior
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Participative Leadership
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Leadership and decision making processes are a group function
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Personal Assessment
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Includes evaluating all dimensions of ones life
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Social Need
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Include the need for belonging, for association, for acceptance, for giving and receiving friendship and love
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Task Activity
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Actions that contribute to the groups performance and purpose
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Transformational Leadership
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Focuses on the commitments and capacities of the organizational members
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Achievement Tests
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Norm-referenced test, where an individuals test performance is compared to the performance of other individuals
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Criterion-referenced Test
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Where a specific level of performance is defined and there is no relationship to the performance of other test-takers
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Standardized Tests
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Usually commercially produced and have a broad application
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Researcher-made Test
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Designed for a specific purpose and are limited in their application
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Chi-Square
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Always more than two. Two or more groups on a nominal variable with two or more categories
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Coding
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Example: male=1 Female=2
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Continuous Recording
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Recording behavior on a continuous basis with little concern as to the specificity of its content
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Continuous Variable
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Age, achievement score, monthly income, ect
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Correlation
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Is how two or more things are related or how a specific outcome might be predicted by one or more pieces of information
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Correlation Coefficient
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Ranges from -1.00 to +1.00 and can be listed as either positive or negative. .8 to 1.0= very strong. .0 to .2= weak
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Degrees of Freedom
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A statistical value that has it’s basis in sample size
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Dependant Variable
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The outcome variable. What the researcher can manipulate
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Descriptive Research
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Research that describes characteristics without any attempt to determine what causes the phenomenon
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Descriptive Statistics
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A “snapshot” of what the data look like
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Difficulty Index
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Is used in test analysis and helps maximize discrimination on tests by allowing the maker to include questions of several levels of difficulty
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Distribution
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The general shape of the data
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Experimental Research
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Research that examines cause and effect relationships through the use of control and treatment groups
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External Criticism
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Authenticity
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Historical Research
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How we document or record
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Research Hypothesis
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Require two or more variables
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Independent Variable
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Must take at least two levels or values
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Inferential Statistics
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Accurately select a sample in such a way as to maximize it’s representativeness to the population
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Internal Criticism
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The process of determining the accuracy and worth of information contained in historical research
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Likert Scale
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Coding. Attitude measurements
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Longitudinal Studies
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Assesses changes in one group of subjects at more than one time. Disadvantage: expensive and has a potential for a high dropout rate
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Manipulation
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Anytime you tweak a variable
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Mean
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Arithmetic average
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Mode
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Score that most frequently occurs
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Median
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Point where equal number of raw scores lie on both sides
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Meta-Analysis
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Allows one to combine and summarize the results of several individual experiments.
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Pearson’s Correlation
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Expressed as a number between -1.00 and +1.00. The numerical index reflecting the relationship between variables.
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Population
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The entirety of any group
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Prediction
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“Guessing” the value of the second variable when you know the value of the first
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Primary Sources
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People, Documents or objects that present first-hand information
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Probability
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P value. Measurement of statistical significance.
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Qualitative Research
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Inductive. Understanding a social or human problem through a holistic picture verbally formatted
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Quantitative Research
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Deductive. Testing a theory composed of variables that are measured by numeric values
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Randomness
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Methods that allow everyone a equal chance of being selected or being placed into a particular group
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Raw Data
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Data collected by the researcher before it is organized.
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Regression
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The tendency for extreme scores to move toward more typical levels when retested
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Research Precedents
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How previous research in a particular area was conducted.
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Sampling
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Selection of a specific group to represent a larger population
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Sampling Error
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Reducing it is the major goal of any selection technique.
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Sampling Techniques
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Used to select a sample for a research study
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Volunteer Sample
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Volunteers with specific characteristics (drug testing).
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Secondary Sources
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Sources that are secondhand or once removed from the original event
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Standard Deviation
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Average distance that each individual score varies from the mean of a set of scores. Used to measure variability.
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Stratified Random Sampling
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Average distance that each individual score varies from the mean of a set of scores. Used to measure variability.
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T-Test
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The significance of the difference between two means based upon two independent, unrelated groups.
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Validity
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4 types: Content, Criterion, Predictive and Construct.
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Variability
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The degree of spread in group scores within a distribution.
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Variable
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3 types: Dependent, Independent and Control.
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California Emergenc Services Act
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Governor can proclaim a state of emergency when: a disaster creates extreme peril to the public, when requested to do so by a mayor or city Chief Executive or when it is believed the local authority is inadequate with the emergency
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Emergency Operation Command Staff
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Consists of: Information Officer, Safety Officer and Liaison Officer. They report directly to the Incident Commander.
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Comprehensive Emergency
Management (CEM) |
Integrated approach in all 4 phases (mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery) and involves all levels of government and the private sector. Comprehensive Emergency plans involve governments and business and protect assets from all types of hazards.
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Burden of disaster Mgmt.
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Requires close working relationships among all levels of government (federal, tribal, regional, state, county and local).
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Emergency
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Any unplanned event that can cause deaths or significant injuries.
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Emergency Operations Center (EOC)
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Predesignated facility established by an agency or jurisdiction to coordinate overall agency or jurisdiction response and support to an emergency.
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FEMA
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Recently became part of the Department of Homeland Security in March 2003.
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FEMA Responsibilities
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Advising on building codes and flood plain management, helping equip local and state emergency preparedness, coordinating federal response to disaster, making disaster assistance available, training emergency managers, supporting the nation’s fire service and administering the national flood and crime insurance programs.
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Incident Command System
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Command, control and coordination of responses to emergencies. There are 5 major components: Command, planning, operations, logistics and finance & administration.
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Liaison Officer
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Serves as the on-scene contact for the other agencies assigned to the incident.
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Operations Section Chief
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Coordinates the operations section and is responsible for assisting the incident commander in developing response goals and objectives.
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Incident Commander
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Effective ones must be assertive, decisive, objective, calm and quick thinkers. They also need to be adaptable, flexible and realistic about their own limitations. Regardless of size or complexity, all incidents have an incident commander
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Incident Commanders
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Perform command functions, protect life and property, control personnel and equipment resources, maintain accountability and maintain effective liaisons
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Mitigation
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Lasting, often permanent reduction of exposure to, probability of, or potential loss from hazard events. Ideally mitigation occurs before the disaster
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Presidential Declaration of Disaster
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1950 Congress passed the Federal Disaster Relief Act. Authorized the President to provide supplementary federal assistance when a Governor requests help and the President approved the request by declaring a major disaster. On average, 79% of requests are declared disaster areas.
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Recovery
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Includes activities necessary to restore the jurisdiction to normal with a goal of returning it to an improved state
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ICS Unified Command
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Unified team effort which allows all agencies with
responsibility for the incident, either geographic or functional, to manage an incident by establishing a common set of objectives and strategies. It is important that working relations are understood and agreed upon for a specific type of emergency incident prior to establishing Unified Command. |
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Unified Command
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Consistent, systematic means of organizing a variety of autonomous civilian agencies into one concerted emergency response
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Incident Command
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Originated from the devastating S. Cal wildfires in 1970
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Command Post
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Is signified by a revolving green light that can be seen from great distances
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Effective Span Of Control
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5 subordinate units per supervisory position. 8 to one if simple and communications are good
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Inter-agency Communications
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When organizers have interacted and coordinated with each other before-hand, they have had fewer problems doing so in a disaster.
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Centralized Media
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Establish a central source of disaster information.
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Incident Command System
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Was established to combat 6 major problem areas:
Lack of common organization Poor on-scene and inter-agency communications Inadequate joint planning Lack of valid and timely intelligence Inadequate resource management Limited prediction capability |
