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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three Main Types of Compounds
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Ionic - metal + non-metal
Molecular - 2 non-metals Acids - start with H (hydrogen) |
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Molecular Compounds
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- 2 non-metals
- uses prefixes to tell how many of each atom is present - always ends in "ide" |
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Molecular Compound Prefixes
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mono = one
di = two tri = three tetra = four penta = five hexa = six hepta = seven octa = eight nona = nine deca = ten undeca= eleven dodeca= twelve |
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Molecular Compound Naming
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- write prefix of 1st element citing number of atoms present
- write name of 1st element - write prefix of 2nd element citing number of atoms present - write name of 2nd element BUT change last part of element name to "ide" - never start a name with the prefix mono |
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Molecular Compound Naming
(examples) |
carbon monoxide - CO
dinitrogen tetroxide - N O carbon tetrachloride - CCl sulfur trioxide - SO phosphorous trichloride - PCl sulfur dioxide - SO iodine monobromide - IBr sulfur hexafluoride - SF oxygen difluoride - OF dihydrogen monoxide H O |
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Ionic Compounds
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- never use prefixes
- never tell how many atoms of any element are present - may contain polyatomic ions use roman numerals to tell the charge on metals - roman numerals are the "middle name" |
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Ionic Compound Naming
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- give name of metal
- give charge of metal in ( ) using roman numerals - unless from alkali or alkaline earth metals - give name of non-metal or poly- atomic ion using "correct ending" |
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Ionic Compounds
Anion (definition of) |
- an atom or molecule that has gained electons
- has a negative charge |
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Ionic Compounds
Endings for Anions |
- the suffix "ide" indicates only one type of non-metal element is present BUT there might be several atoms of that element
- the suffix "ate" indicates that TWO non-metals are present and ONE of them is oxygen AND the other one is the non-metal used in the name |
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Ionic Compounds
Polyatomic ions |
sulfate ion - SO
chlorate ion - ClO nitrate ion - NO carbonate ion - CO phosphate ion - PO ammonium ion - NH |
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Ionic Compounds
Suffix Modifications |
- "ite" = one less oxygen than "ate"
- "hypo-ite" = one less oxygen than "ite" - "per-ate" = one more oxygen than "ate" - in all these, charge remains the same |
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Ionic Compounds
Examples of Suffix Use |
perchlorate ion - ClO
chlorate ion - ClO chlorite ion - ClO hypochlorite ion - ClO sulfite ion - SO phosphite ion - PO nitrite ion - NO - not all possibilities exist?? |
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Ionic Compounds
Rules |
To determine the charges on metal ions that are NOT in the alkali metas or alkaline earth metals:
- determine the total anion charge - divide the total nion charge by the number of metal atoms present - this assumes all metals have the same charge |
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Ionic Compounds
Examples of Rules |
sodium chloride - NaCl
calcium chloride - CaCl sodium sulfate Na SO |
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Ionic Compounds
Four Special Metals |
Four metals that have a constant charge:
silver (I) zinc (II) cadmium (II) aluminum (III) - these are in addition to alkali metals and alkaline earth metals |
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sulfate ion
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SO
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chlorate ion
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ClO
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ammonium ion
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NH
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carbonate ion
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CO
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phosphate ion
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PO
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nitrate ion
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NO
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Cations
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Positive ions, formed by loss of electrons
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Anions
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Negative ions, formed by gain of electrons
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Alkali Metals
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Group 1
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Alkaline Earth Metals
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Group 2
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Noble Gases
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Group 18; used to be called the inert gases
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Halogens
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Group 17
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Metalloids
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B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At
Have properties of both metals and nonmetals |
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Nonmetals
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He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, Uuo, F, Cl, Br, I, O, S, Se, N, P, C, H
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Metals
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Everything except what are listed under the metalloids and nonmetals
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Metals- Properties
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Metallic luster (shiny)
Conduct electricity Conduct heat Malleability Ductility Hardness Solids at room temperature (except mercury) |
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Nonmetals- Properties
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Many are solids at room temperature; some are gases
Don't conduct heat or electricity Not malleable or ductile |
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Metalloids- Properties
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Semiconductors
Usually behave as nonmetals |
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Group 1
Alkali Metals |
Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
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Group 2
Alkaline Earth Metals |
Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
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Group 18
Noble Gases |
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
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Group 17
Halogens |
F, Cl, Br, I, At
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Metalloids
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B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po
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Other Metals
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Al, Ga, In, Sn, Tl, Pb, Bi
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Other Non-Metals
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C, N, O, P, S, Se
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Transition Elements
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All elements in Groups 3-12
includes: Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Rh, Pd, Ag, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg and U (actinide) |
