Composition I

Front 1

S= Subject

Back 1

What the sentence is about

ex. The TEAM won the championship.

Front 2

AV= Action Verb

Back 2

Verb "shows" action

ex. The cat CHASED the mouse.

Front 3

LV= Linking Verb

Back 3

Verb links the subject to the predicate part of the sentence; verb does not "show" action; The word predicate means follows the verb.

ex. The puppy IS cute.

Front 4

DO= Direct Object

Back 4

The object that receives the action of the action verb.

ex. He held the PARROT.

Front 5

IO= Indirect Object

Back 5

Indirectly receives the action of the verb.

ex. I fed the HORSE a treat.

Front 6

PN= Predicate Noun/ Nominate

Back 6

Renames the subject

ex. She is an ADVENTERER.

Front 7

PA= Predicate Adjective

Back 7

Describes the subject

ex. The dog is GOLD.

Front 8

PN and PA are the same as...

Back 8

subject complements.

Front 9

In order for a sentence to have a Direct Object or Indirect Object, the sentence must have an...

Back 9

Action Verb.

Front 10

In order for a sentence to have a Predicate Noun or Predicate Adjective, the sentence must have a...

Back 10

Linking Verb.

Front 11

ADJ= Adjective

Back 11

Describes nouns or pronouns

ex. The SMALL COLORFUL bird tweeted HAPPILY.

Front 12

ADV= Adverb

Back 12

Describes verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs

ex. The gecko SLOWLY inched down the tree.

Front 13

Subordinate Conjunctions

Back 13

begin dependent clauses

ex. Activists feel THAT peace is achievable.

Front 14

Sentence Patterns

Back 14

1. S+V
2. S+LV+PN
3. S+LV+PA
4. S+AV+DO
5. S+AV+IO+DO
   

Front 15

Simple Sentence Structure

Back 15

One independent clause

Front 16

Compound Sentence Structure

Back 16

Two independent clauses joined by a comma and coordinating conjunction

Front 17

Complex Sentence Structure

Back 17

One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses

Front 18

Compound Sentence Structure

Back 18

Two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses

Front 19

An independent clause is...

Back 19

a sentence.

ex. Navarro College students are the worst.

Front 20

A dependent clause...

Back 20

is a fragment. A dependent clause is also called a subordinate clause.

ex. Who work hard

Front 21

When a dependent clause is attached to an independent clause...

Back 21

It gives more meaning to the independent clause.

Front 22

All dependent clauses will either be...

Back 22

adjectives, adverbs, or nouns.

Front 23

Adjective dependent clause:

Back 23

Navarro College students, who work hard, earn college degrees.

(describes students)

Front 24

Adverb dependent clause:

Back 24

When Navarro College students work hard, they earn college degrees.

(describes students)

Front 25

Noun dependent clause:

Back 25

When Navarro College students work hard is when they earn college degrees. (Subject Noun Clause and Predicate Nominative Clause)

Front 26

Noun clauses can serve...

Back 26

any role a noun can: Subject, predicate nominative, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, appositive

Front 27

All dependent clauses begin with a...

Back 27

subordinate conjunction

Front 28

All dependent clauses will have...

Back 28

a subject and a verb within the clause. Sometimes the subordinate conjunction serves as the subject of the dependent clause as well

ex. Navarro College students, who work hard, earn college degrees. (Who is the subordinate conjunction and the subject of the dependent clause.)

Front 29

Verbals

Back 29

Verbals are words formed from verbs that act as other parts of speech in sentences.

Front 30

Three Types of Verbals

Back 30

1. participles
2. gerunds
3. infinitives

Front 31

Participles

Back 31

act as adjectives

If the participle ends in -ing it is present; if the participle ends in the past tense forms, it is past.

ex. Crying children need attention.

The broken glass is dangerous.

Front 32

Gerunds

Back 32

(act as nouns-any form of a noun) All gerunds end in -ing.

Crying is a sign of an emotional release.

Front 33

Infinitives

Back 33

(to + a verb form; can be adjectives, adverbs, or nouns)

To cry is to release emotions.