Composers Test 3 Mus303

Front 1

Heitor Villalobos

Back 1

Brazil, returned to Brazil in 1930 promoting music in schools. WORKS Choros and Bachianas brasileiras

Front 2

Claude Champagne

Back 2

First internationally famous Canadian composer, learned fiddle/dance styles in his youth, deeply influenced by Russian composers like Musorsky. WORKS: Suite canadienne, Danse villageoise: best known, combines French-Canadian and Irish folk styles

Front 3

Carlos Chavez

Back 3

First composer associated with MExico's new nationalism, conductor of Mexico's first professional orchestra, director of national conservatory. WORKS: Sinfonia india: Indian melodies, modernist, primitivist idiom

Front 4

Edgard Varese

Back 4

Studied at Schola Cantorum and Conservatoire, had a brief career in Paris, then Berlin, then moved to New York in 1915. Treated music spatially, used sound masses traveling through space. WORKS: Ameriques: influenced by Schoenberg and Stravinsky, Hyperprism: used different notation for time signatures

Front 5

Henry Cowell

Back 5

Californian, used tone clusters played with the fist or elbow, experimented giving instruments different subdivisions of the meter, later incorporated American/Irish/Asian elements in his music. WORKS: Aeolian Harp, The Banshee

Front 6

Ruth Crawford Seeger

Back 6

First woman to win a Guggenheim Fellowship in music, married her composition teacher. Dabbled in tonal serialism but expanded serialism to rhythmic and timbre serialism. Later in her life joined Sanders and Lomaxes collecting and recording American folk music. WORKS: String Quartet 1931: Mvt 1=dissonant counterpoint, Mvt 2=counterpoint and convergence, Mvt 3= heterophony of dynamics, Mvt 4= 2-part counterpoint, piece is based on a 10-note series.

Front 7

George Gershwin

Back 7

Saw no line between pop/classical music. Studied classical piano as a teenager including Chopin, Liszt, and Debussy. Studied with Cowell in his youth. WORKS: I've Got Rhythm, Rhapsody in Blue, Piano Concerto in F (early work with jazz elements), and Porgy and Bess.

Front 8

Aaron Copland

Back 8

Gay Jewish liberal verging on the socialist. Created a concert series that promoted his, Ives' Chavez', and Thomson's music. WORKS: Appalachian Spring, El Salon Mexico, Our Town, Inscape (later 12-tone work), Piano Concerto (early jazz-like work)

Front 9

William Grant Still

Back 9

Made many strides for African American classical composers. He was the first black man to conduct a major American symphony and to have his opera broadcast on national TV. WORKS: AfroAmerican Symphony: opening sonata is based on a 12 bar blues harmony, theme recalls a "spiritual" feel, uses call-and-response, syncopation, varied repetition, etc.

Front 10

William Schuman

Back 10

Became a composer to advance classical music over pop, enjoyed praise from Coplan, created orchestral color blocks, long, spun-out melodies, and great rhythmic variety. WORKS: On Freedom's Ground, incorporated elements of American folk music

Front 11

Howard Hanson

Back 11

One of the first American composers to gain widespread prominence, wrote in an unabashedly Romantic idiom influenced by his Nordic roots. WORKS: The Second Symphony "Romantic, lush, lyric aesthetic"

Front 12

David Diamond

Back 12

Many scholastic appointments, formally trained. WORKS: Symphony No. 11

Front 13

Charlie Parker

Back 13

Bebop saxophonist who worked with bebop trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie. WORKS: Anthropology, contrafact on Gershwin's I've Got Rhythm

Front 14

Leonard Bernstein

Back 14

Mixed jazz into Broadway as well as atonality and "American neoclassicism" to create a distinct American musical sound. WORKS: West Side Story, On the Town.

Front 15

Vincent Persichetti

Back 15

Wind band composer. WORKS: Symphony for Band, written on commission for Washington State Band, full four-movement symphony, combined Haydn-like sonata (2nd mvt) with later movements featuring a modernist national style featuring fluid themes, rapid development, large percussion section, and dissonant harmonies.

Front 16

Samuel Barber

Back 16

Remained tonal but fresh. Prominent vocal composer. WORKS: Adagio for Strings

Front 17

Gian Carlo Menotti

Back 17

Composed accessible opera for TV. WORKS: The Telephone, Amahl and the Night Visitors, The Medium

Front 18

Benjamin Britten

Back 18

Privately trained, tempered modernism with simplicity. Lots of music for amateurs. WORKS: Peter Grimes, first major British opera after Purcell, War Requiem, choral-orchestral protesting tragedy of war

Front 19

Olivier Messiaen

Back 19

Had post-tonal language based on artificial modes, harmonic stasis, nonmetric rhythms, colorful harmonies and timbres. Native of Avignon, taught many French composers. His works seek to create in the listener a feeling of ecstatic contemplation. WORKS: Quartet for the End of Time, incorporates "bird-songs"