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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) |
Performs operations on data e.g. Addition, subtraction |
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Control Unit (CU) |
Coordinating activities of the CPU |
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Registers |
Quick, small stores of data within the CPU |
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Memory Address Register (MAR) |
Holds memory address for data or a instruction about to be used by the CPU |
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Memory Data Register (MDR) |
Holds actual data or instruction |
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Accumulator |
Stores results of calculations in the ALU |
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Program Counter (PC) |
Holds memory address of the instruction for each cycle |
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Fetch |
The next instruction is retrieved by CPU from main memory |
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Decode |
The instruction is broken down and decided so computer can understand |
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Execute |
The CPU performs what the instructions told |
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Embedded System |
A computer system built within a large device e.g. Camera, washer, car |
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Volatile |
Memory loses its data when power of |
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Non-volatile |
Memory retains its data when power is lost |
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Random Access Memory (RAM) |
Read/write - function is to load open programs and operating system data currently in use - volatile |
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Read Only Memory (ROM) |
Can only be read, can't be changed, stores essential programs to be run in order to boot the computer - non-volatile |
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Cache |
A type memory that stores copies of frequently used data, much faster than RAM, lower capacity - closer to CPU |
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Buses |
Collection of wires that carry signals between various components of the computer system |
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Central Processing Unit (CPU) |
Processes all of the data and instructions that make the system work - can be effected by clock speed, number of cores, cache size |
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Clock speed |
How fast the computer does the FDE cycle |
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Virtual memory |
A memory management procedure needed when the RAM is full so a temporary section is made which acts like a part of RAM |
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Flash memory |
Solid state storage, non-volatile, more reliable/durable but can only be overwritten a limited number of times |
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Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) |
Handles graphics and image processing |
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Optical storage |
CD, DVD, Blue-rayADV: cheap,easy to transportDIS: slow, less storage than hard drives, stored data degrades over time, cannot be written over |
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Magnetic storage |
Hard drivesADV: fast access, stores large amounts of data, low costDIS: not very portable, easily be broken |
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Solid State storage |
USB, flash memory, SDADV: fast, small, light, easily potable, quietDIS: more expensive, storage capacity less, limited number erase/write cycles |
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Cloud storage |
Data is stored on multiple servers in a remote locationADV: secure, can be accessed anywhere, no need to buyDIS: needs internet, download and upload can be effected by internet connection, less control if data is held |
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Operating System |
essential software that links the hardware and other software together and generally manages the computer system |
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Command-line Interface |
Text commands where user has to type in command |
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Graphical User Interface (GUI) |
uses icons and other visual indicators to navigate and issue commands |
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Utility Software |
maintains a computer |
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Defragmentation Software |
reorganises data on the hard drive to put fragmented files back together and moves files to collect all the free space |
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Backup Software |
Full Backup - a copy is taken from from every file on the systemIncremental Backup - only files created or edited since last backup are copied |
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Compression Software |
reduces file size so they take up less space on hard disk |
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Encryption Software |
scrambles data to stop others from accessing it |
