Complications Of Htn

Front 1

Normal BP cutoff for both normals and diabetics?

Back 1

Normals - 140/90; Diabetics - 130/80;

Front 2

Diastolic BP of 90 shown to increase risk of what?

Back 2

CMS - CHF, MI, Stroke

Front 3

Def of prehypertension?

Back 3

130/80 until HTN

Front 4

What is the significance of prehypertension and what should you do for them?

Back 4

2x as likely to develop HTN; Lifestyle changes;

Front 5

What is primary HTN and what percentage of people have it?

Back 5

idiopathic HTN; 90% of those with HTN

Front 6

Secondary hypertension means what and what are some common causes?

Back 6

has identifiable treatable cause; Renovascular disease, hyperthyroidism, Cushings;

Front 7

What is a normal pulse pressure?

Back 7

less than 50

Front 8

What is the continuum of prognostic value of the three BP's in HTN patients?

Back 8

Systolic, then pulse, then diastolic

Front 9

Diff between blacks and whites when it comes to HTN?

Back 9

Black - higher prevalence, more likely to develop end organ damage, LVH and renal failure more common;

Front 10

Benefits of reducing BP?

Back 10

lower risk of CMS - CHF, MI, Stroke;

Front 11

What is the most potent vasodilator known to man?

Back 11

NO

Front 12

Health benefits of NO?

Back 12

lowers BP, inhibits Atherosclerosis;

Front 13

Why does a diseased endothelium play a huge part in CV disease?

Back 13

endothelium regulates NO, NO regulates BP and Atherosclerosis

Front 14

What types of things impair NO?

Back 14

basically all CV risk factors (age, HTN, smoking, diabetes, tobacco, Sedentary, hyperlidemia)

Front 15

What types of things promote NO production?

Back 15

Exercise, Arginine, Antioxidants, eliminating risk factors

Front 16

What is a good indicator of a HTN patients risk of a cardiovascular event?

Back 16

presence of end organ damage

Front 17

Why do you need to be able to diff between acute and chronic end organ damage?

Back 17

acute is an emergency, chronic isnt

Front 18

Retina. Chonic end organ damage signs?

Back 18

Av nicking, Non specific exudates;

Front 19

Retina. Acute end organ damage signs?

Back 19

Papilledema, Big hemorrhage, Up ICP

Front 20

Kidney. Acute end organ damage signs?

Back 20

Hematuria, Acutely elevated creatinine

Front 21

Kidney. Chonic end organ damage signs?

Back 21

Microalbuminuria, chronically elevated creatinine

Front 22

Vascular. Acute end organ damage signs?

Back 22

aortic dissection

Front 23

Vascular. Chonic end organ damage signs?

Back 23

Aneurysmal disease, Peripheral vascular disease

Front 24

Brain. Acute end organ damage signs?

Back 24

encephalopathy, ischemic stroke, hemorrhage;

Front 25

Brain. Chonic end organ damage signs?

Back 25

Multiple ischemic strokes, Dementia, Periventricular white matter disease

Front 26

Heart. Acute end organ damage signs?

Back 26

MI, Acute pulmonary Edema

Front 27

Heart. Chonic end organ damage signs?

Back 27

LVH, cardiomegaly, Coronary atherosclerosis

Front 28

LVH's effect on hypertensive patients prognosis?

Back 28

worsens it significantly

Front 29

What types of meds can you try for LVH regression?

Back 29

Ace I's, Diuretics, Ca Channel blockers, Beta blockers;

Front 30

What is the def of Hypertensive crisis?

Back 30

Diastolic above 110;

Front 31

First thing to do in someone with hypertensive crisis?

Back 31

Check for end organ damage

Front 32

Why important to examine abdomen for thrills and take BP in all 4 extremities for someone in hypertensive crisis?

Back 32

check for aortic dissection

Front 33

If pt in hypertensive crisis doesn't have end organ damage what do you do?

Back 33

admit, start oral antihypertensives;

Front 34

If pt in hypertensive crisis has end organ damage what do you do?

Back 34

Admit to ICU, IV antihypertensives (nitroprusside, labetalol)

Front 35

What is the role of lifestyle interventions in hypertensive patients?

Back 35

if no end organ damage, try them alone first; If they have end organ damage, use them AND drugs

Front 36

You've just dx'ed HTN in a patient. The presence of what other things makes it an urgent priority?

Back 36

end organ damage, other risk factors;

Front 37

First line pharm Tx for pt's with normal renal function?

Back 37

thiazide diuretic

Front 38

First line pharm Tx for pt's with impaired renal function?

Back 38

Loop diuretic

Front 39

First line pharm tx of CHF patients?

Back 39

Beta blocker, Ace I, Aldosterone antagonist (+ thiazide diuretic)

Front 40

First line pharm tx of Post MI patients?

Back 40

Beta blocker, Ace I, Aldosterone antagonist (+ thiazide diuretic)

Front 41

First line pharm tx of CAD patients?

Back 41

Beta Blocker, Ace I, Ca channel blocker (+ thiazide diuretic)

Front 42

First line pharm tx of DM patients?

Back 42

Ace Inhib, Beta blocker (+ thiazide diuretic)

Front 43

First line pharm tx of renal dysfunction patients?

Back 43

Ace inhib, loop diuretic (+ thiazide diuretic)

Front 44

First line pharm tx of patients with previous stroke?

Back 44

Ace inhib (+ thiazide diuretic)