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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Your Client has the following symptoms: Ateration in bowel patterns (constipation, diarrhea, or both)
Pain (precipitted by eating and relieved by defecation) Bloating and Abdominal distention What do these symptoms suggest is the problem |
Irritable bowel syndrome
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Stress plays a big role
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What foods would you tell a client with irritable bowel syndrome to eat?
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High-fiber diet, containing Grains, cereals, vegetables.
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Bowel friendly foods
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Name the Risk factors for Colorectal Cancer?
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Increasing age
Family histroy of colon cancer, IBD or polyps Previous colon cancer or adenomatous polyps High-fat, high-protein (beef), low-fiber diet genital or breast cancer |
Opposite of bowel friendly foods.
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How is colorectal cancer detected?
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blood testing
barium enema proctosigmoidoscopy colonoscopy |
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Name the possible complications of anorectal surgery?
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Urinary incontinence and retention
hemorrhage Infection Constipation |
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Nursing DX for anorectal surgery patients?
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Constipation R/T igoring the urge to defecate because of pain during elimination
Anxiety R/T impending surgery and embarrassment Acute pain R/T irritation, pressure, and sensitivity in the anorectal area from anorectal disease and sphincter spasms after surgery Risk for ineffective therapeutic regimen management |
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What interventions would you use to help relieve Constipation?
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Encourage fluids upto 2L water daily
Recommend high-fiber foods Bulk laxatives (metamucil and stool softeners Make time for BM's Heed urge to defecate as quickly as possible relaxation exercises administer analgesics before bowel movements |
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What interventions would you utilize to help relieve Anxiety?
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Identify Specific psychosocial needs
Mainain privacy Remove soiled dressing promptly use room deodorizers |
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What interventions would you utilize to relieve pain?
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Encourage a comfortable position
Use flotation pads under buttocks Ice and analgesic ointment may be used Warm compresses my promote circulation and sooth iritated tissues Sitz baths 3 to 4 times a day Topical anesthetics to help relieve local irritation and soreness |
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What interventions would you utilize to promote voluntary urinary elimination?
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Increase fluid intake
Listen to running water dripping water over urinary meatus |
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What signs would indicate excessive bleeding?
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Tachycardia
hypotension restlessness thrist |
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What actions would you take if bleeding is obvious?
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apply direct pressure to area.
Call physician |
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How does moist heat affect tisues?
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Encourages vessel dilation and bleeding.
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What are the signs and symptoms of a small bowel obstruction?
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Crampy pain that is wavelike and colicky
Passing of blood and mucus No fecal matter and no flatus Vomiting occurs Possible reverse dirction of peristalis and intestinal contents are propelled toward the mouth instead of the rectum Dehydration is evident (intense thirst, drwosiness, generalized malaise, aching, and parched tongue and mucous membranes Distended abdomen (the lower theobstruction the more distended the abdomen |
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What possible symptom may occur if there is a obstruction in the ileum?
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Fecal vomiting
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If a small bowel obstruction is left uncorrected what will occur?
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Hypovolemic shock
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List the signs and symptoms of appendicitis?
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Vague epigastric or periumbilical pain progresses to right lower quadrant pain.
Low grade fever and nausea and vomiting w/loss of appetite Local tenderness @McBurney's point when pressure is applied Rebound tenderness Possible pain and tenderness in the lumbar region. Constipation may occur |
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What signs would you expect ot find if the appendix has ruptured?
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The pain becomes more diffuse
Abdominal distention develops as a result of paralytic ileus Condition worsens. |
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When a client presents with the signs and symptoms of appendicitis what medication is contraindicated?
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Laxatives,(never administer laxatives with fever, nausea, or pain) it may produce perforation.
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What is a complication of a perforated appendix. What are the signs and symptoms.
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peritonitis or an abscess
Fever, continued, increassed abdominal pain or tenderness. Perforation occurs in 10% to 32% of appendicitis higher in young children and elderly generally occurs 24 hours after onset of pain. |
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Name the signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis?
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Diarrhea
LL quadrant abdominal pain Intermittent tenesmus Rectal bleeding (mild or severe- pallor is a result) Anorexia and weight loss vomiting dehydration cramping urgent need to defecate (10 to 20 liquid stools daily) hypocalcemia and anemia frequently develop rebound tenderness may occur in RL quadrant Extraintestional symptoms include:skin lesions, eye lesions, joint abdnormalities, and liver disease. |
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List possible complications of Ulcerative Colitis.
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Toxic megacolon (symptoms include fever, abdominal pain and distention, vomiting and fatigue.)
Perforation Bleeding as a resutl of ulceration vascular engorgement highly vascular granulation tissue. |
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What medical management is required for Toxic megacolon?
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nasogastric suction
IV fluids w/electrolytes Corticosteroids Antibiotics |
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What type of surgery is required if patient does not respond to medical management for Toxic megacolon?
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Total Colectomy
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What die would you recomend for a patient with Ulcerative Colitis?
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Oral fluids
Low-residue diet high-protein High-calorie Supplemental vitamin therapy and iron replacement |
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List the signs and symptoms of Crohn's disease?
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LR quadrant abdominal pain and diarrhea unrelived by defecaton
Abdominal tenderness and spasms Cramping occurs after meals Weight loss, malnutrition and secondary anemia Weeping,swollen intestine (continually empties an irritating discharge into the colon Chronic diarrhea and nutritional deficits Inflamed intestine may perforate (leading to intra-abdominal and anal abscesses Fever and leukocytosis Joint involvement, (arthritis), skin lesions, conjunctivits, and oral ulcers |
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List the possible complications of Crohn's Disease
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Intestinal obstruction or stricture formation
Perianal disease Fluid an electrolyte imbalances Malnutrition from malabsorption Fistula and abscess formation Increase risk for colon cancer |
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What is the treatment for Crohn's Disease?
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Reduce inflammation
Suppress inappropriate immune responses provide rest for diseased bowel Improve quality of life prevent or minimizing complications Use of either Pharmacologic or Surgical treatments. |
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What is a low-residue diet?
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A low residue diet is a diet designed to reduce the frequency and volume of stools while prolonging intestinal transit time. It is similar to a low fiber diet, but typically includes restrictions on foods that increase bowel activity, such as milk and milk products and prune juice. A low residue diet typically contains less than 10-15 grams of fiber per day. Long term use of this diet, with its reduced intake of fruits and vegetables may not provide required amounts of vitamin C, calcium, and folic acid.
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What foods are included on a low residue diet.
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White bread, refined pasta and cereals, and white rice
Limited servings of canned or well cooked vegetables that do not include skins, seeds, or pulp Tender, ground, and well cooked meat, fish, and poultry Milk and yogurt (usually limited to 2 cups per day), mild cheese, cottage cheese Margarines, butter, vegetable oil, mayo, plain gravies and dressings Broth and strained soups from allowed foods Pulp free juices |
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