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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dentify the use of the AST/ALT ratio and interpret the results of this ratio |
* > 2 = Alcoholic cirrhosis
* 1 – 2+ = Cirrhosis & Chronic Hepatitis * < 1 = Acute Hepatitis, Mono |
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Identify common causes of high alkaline phosphatase levels |
* Biliary obstruction (Gall Bladder disease)
* Cirrhosis, Metastatic Liver Tumor * New bone growth or bone destruction * Children > adult; Older adult > younger adult |
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Identify common causes of high GGT levels: |
if ALP is high order GGT to differentiate between bone and liver issue. If it’s increased too, then it’s biliary problem. * Alcohol: if AST:ALT is greater then 2 then confirm alcohol related if GGT is elevated* Drugs |
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Identify common causes of high and low protein levels |
- Hyperalbuminemia: Prolonged tourniquet use, Dehydration
- Hypoalbuminemia: Malnutrition, Burns, pregnancy, liver dz, glomerular problems |
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Recognize what the globulin test measures |
* Alpha1 – alpha antitrypsin
* Alpha2 – Hgb, copper, prothrombin * Beta1 – lipoproteins, transferrin, plasminogen * Beta2 – fibrinogen * Gamma – Immune globins (antibodies) IgG, IgM |
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Elevated indirect (unconjugated) |
hemolytic disease of newborn, transfusion (lots of RBC in circulation which get broken down faster by the spleen), cirrhosis |
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Elevated direct (conjugated) |
gallstones, duct obstruction |
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Interpret glucose results and categorize a patient based on these results |
Dx: A1C >6.5%, fasting BG of >126 Elevated by: Steroids (which also increase neutrophils) Stress response (esp post-op) |
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Identify common causes of hypermagnesemia |
* Chronic renal disease, Oral/IV infusion (laxatives/antacids)
A person with low K+ give supplement can’t hang on to their K+ unless they have adequate Mg++ |
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Identify common causes of hypomagnesemia |
* Malnourished, renal or GI losses
* Cause of unexplained: cardiac arrhythmias, neuromuscular disorders (weakness, convulsions) |
