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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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plasma
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liquid and clotting factirs
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serum
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after clotting factors have clotted
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hemoglobin made up of
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iron, prophyrin and globin(the protien)
have 4 globin chains |
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how is hemoglobinf recyled?
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gloin - the amino acids are resuse
Fe reused - macs take it up porphyrin - degraded into bilirubin |
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from where do platelets come from?
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megakaryocutes -> DNA replicaiton without cell division -> cytoplasm framgemtns -> platelet s
platelets have no nuclien |
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what stimulayes prodution of RBCs?
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erythropoetin: promotes RBC differntiaion and maturation
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what increases granulocyte/monocyte diff and maturation?
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G-CSF/GM-CSF
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what promotes platelts formation?
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thrombopoetin - promotes megakerayocyte dif
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where does the fetus make blood cels?
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spleen, liver, bone marrow
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what is cytopenia?
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too few cell - either a problem of production or problems of destruction
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if you have a problem of production of cell - what is it called?
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pancytopenia - stemm cell problem
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in additio not problem of prodctuion when making cells what other problem an you have?
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problem of destruction or loss
bledding, |
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cytosis/cytophilia
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too many cells
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what is primary ....with RBS
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uncontrolled production in bone marrow - with no known stimulus
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what are the macroscopic signs of acute inflamm?
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redness (rubor)
sweeling (tumor) heat (calor) pain (dolor) loss of function (fever) pus productionm |
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chronic inflam - macroscopic signs
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ongoing tissue repair and scarring
swelling less redness |
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microscoping in chronic inflamm
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granuloma
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endothelial retraction
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in repossne to damage -> gaps -> get vascular permeability
if damage continues gaps stay open |
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selstins
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hvae p selectins for pltelets and E selectins for lymphocytes - these are receptors on the lymps
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what is LAD 1 and LAD2
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leukocyte adhesion deficientcy -> defective leukocyte adhesion
1: for integrins 2: selctins these are on the neutrophils and lymphocytes |
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types of viruses?
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DNA or RNA
enveeloped or non enveloped |
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non enveloped virsus
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environmentally stable b/c of a tough protien caspid
fecal-oral route |
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staining of gram + and -
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+ stains red - color does not leave with alcohol
- stains red via safrin red stain |
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gram negaitve
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has LPS
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diapedesis
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white cells insterting ebtween endothlial cells
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what is the endothelial retraction due to?
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histamine
needed for edema not leukocyte exudation |
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multinucleated giant cells
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from macs
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M1
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kills pathogens
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M2
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antiinflamm and wound healing
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what is the contact activation system stimukated by?
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neg chareged - like when vascualr endothelium retaracts -> basement membrane exposed and gneg charged
k |
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what does DAF do?
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helps to remove the complex that laternative has made o self cells ->
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what is DAF similar to?
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Factor H
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membrane cofactor proteolysis
MCP |
ckeaves C3b to C3i ->inactivates C3 convertase
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CD59
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prevents formation of membrane attack complex on autologous or allogenic cels
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inhibitory protein in blood stream of compleent system
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alpha1 -> def gives emphysema
Cl inhibitor -heritadet angioedema |
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erythrocyte sedimaentation rate
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increased during inflam - due to increasd levels of fibrogene and immunoglobulin
not specific for any disease |
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c reactve proein
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useful marker for inflamma
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TxA2
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constriction
clot via platelet activation via COX 1 |
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PGI2
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vasodialtion
anticlotting COX1/2 |
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leukotrienes
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constrict airway smooth muscle - good to target for asthma patients
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what does Asprin do? NSAID
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block COX 1/2
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Viox, Celebrex
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COX 2 -> increased TxA2 -> more clotting -> increased cardiovascular events
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what happens when you repress COX 1?
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get gastric ulcers - in asprin
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what is important for acute pahse inflamm?
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Il-1, Il-6, and TNF-alpha
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CXC chemikine family
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attaract neutrophils
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CC family of chemokines
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attarcts moncytes
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toll like rectors
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they each have a specific repsosne
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INF-gamma
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stimulates macs
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