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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What can stimulate an endocrine cell to release its hormones?
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-imput
-hormonal imput -change in a controlled condition |
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Homeostasis of glucose concentration
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insulin - glucose uptake (when increased levels)
glucagon - glucose breakdown(when decreased levels) sensor : pancreas summing pt. pancrease error signals: insulin controlling elements: liver controlled variable: glucose uptake disturbance: carb-rich meal controlled condition: [glucose] in blood |
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Diabetes
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juvenile onset --> lack of sufficient insulin
adult onset --> downregulation of receptors on liver cells |
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Control of Amino Acids in Blood
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GHRH cuases ant. pit. to release GH which causes a.a. uptake. -- homeostatic control
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homeostatic control of reproductive hormones
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concentrations of estrogen and progesterone induce hypothalamus to releas GnRH which cuase ant. pit. to release FSH and LH which effect ovaries.
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How does homeostatic control play into a 28-day cycle?
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switch from neg. feedback -> pos. feedback -> neg. feedback
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Menstrual Cycle Summary
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-FSH and Lh cause single follicle and ovum to grow
-2nd week: estrogen production by follicle increases -high levels of estrogen switch to pos. feedback and stimulate FSH and LH peaks -FSH and LH levels unduce follicle to mature and ovulation occurs -remaining follicle cells transferred to corpus luteum which secrets lots of estrogen and progesterone. -during last day, corpus luteum degenerates and unable to maintain estrogen and progesteron secretion -decrease of estrogen/progesterone removes inhibition of GnRH nad next cycle begins. |
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Pregnancy
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implanted egg produces HCG which maintains corpus luteum so estrogen and progesterone levels remain high.
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birth control pills
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maintian levels of estrogen and progesterone high, inhibits FSH and Lh peaks which inhibits ovulation
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Labor
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estrogen from uterus induces oxytocin receptors on uterus. uterus contracts and causes placenta to make prostaglandins. stimulate more uterine contractions by pos. feedback.
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Male Hormones
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controlled in same way as female, only difference is testosterone nad inhibin are monitored instead of estrogen and progesterone
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Homeostatic Control of Calcium Levels in Blood
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-decreased calcium levels in blook cause parathyroid to release parathormone which causes bone to release Ca2+
-increase Ca2+ levels induce thyroid gland to release calcitonin which causes bone to uptake Ca2+ |
