Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Dr. Starnes Emory Test 1

Front 1

what is the taxonomy of the coelecanth

Back 1

phylum- chordata
subphylum- vertebrata
superclass- gnathostomata
Class- osteichthyes
sublass- sarcopterygii
superorder- crossopterygii
division-coelacanthiformes/ actinistia

Front 2

what are some characteristics of crossopterygii (Coelacanth)

Back 2

present day do not have internal nares, live in dep ocean, no lungs but do have swim bladder, have fringe (tassle) fin, oil is in hollow spine

Front 3

distinguish between the types of tails p 304

Back 3

heterocercal - non symetric both internal/ external ex. shark
diphycercal- symetrical both internal and external ex.= lungfish and dipnoans
homoceral- outside looks symetrical but vertebral column actually runs along top. ex. teleost fish

Front 4

what is the genus / species of the Coelacanth

Back 4

Latimeria chalumna

Front 5

true / false the coelacanth does not have a true backbone

Back 5

true

Front 6

Do chordates belong to protosmata or deuterostomata ?

Back 6

deuterostomata

Front 7

In chordates what is the cleavage type? What type of coelom develops? What embryonic layer is skeleton derived from?

Back 7

radial, introcoelic (inavagination of tissue, mesoderm

Front 8

what are the 5 unique chordate characteristics?

Back 8

1) notochord 2. nerve chord 3. pharyngeal slits 4. postanal tail 5. thyroid

Front 9

what embryonic tissue is the notochord devloped from? the nerve chord?

Back 9

notochord= mesoderm
nerve chord= ectoderm

Front 10

what are the three chordate subphyla?

Back 10

vertebrata, urochordata, cephalochordata

Front 11

what are the two subclasses of osteichthyans

Back 11

sacropterygian, actinopterygian

Front 12

what are 5 characteristics of agnathans?

Back 12

4)no jaws/ true teeth
1) well defined notochord
2) incomplete verbera
3) cartilaginous skeleton
5) only medial fins

Front 13

What are 3 characteristics of chondrichthyes?

Back 13

1) cartlagineous skeleton
2) solid braincase
3) placoid sclase with some traces of bone

Front 14

list some characteristics of Dipnoi (lungfish)

Back 14

1) have internal nares
2) have functional lungs
3) fish can estivate

Front 15

The example given in class of having feathers for warmth and theWn eventaully using them for flight is an example of what?

Back 15

preadaptation

Front 16

what groups that we have studied fall under Agnatha

Back 16

lamprey, hagfish
hemichordates-acorn worm
urochordate- tunicate
cephalo chordate- amphioxus

Front 17

in gnathostomes what are the jaws derived from

Back 17

pharyngeal arch

Front 18

Does a skate or Ray have a rostrum? and which produces leathery egg case

Back 18

skate for both.

Front 19

where are gills located on a ray and flatfish

Back 19

ray= ventrum
flatfish= dorsal

Front 20

what are fibroblasts composed of

Back 20

collagen and elastin

Front 21

what are the three cell types of the integument

Back 21

columnar, cuboidal, squamous

Front 22

if you are looking at fat with a microscope what do you call it? what about with eye

Back 22

hypodermic, macroscopic view= superfcial fascia

Front 23

what is the composition of blubber and what functions does it serve

Back 23

fat + connective tissue; functions= conserve heat, fuel reserve, buyoncy, streamlinebody.

Front 24

how are horns and antler different in composition

Back 24

horns- are cornified skin with dermal bone core. Antlers are bony skull outgrowth.

Front 25

what family are horns found in? what about antlers

Back 25

horns= Bovidae. Antlers= Cervidae

Front 26

what is the major and minor embryonic layers that cartilage develops from

Back 26

major= mesoderm. minor=ectoderm (neural crest cells).

Front 27

In cartilage where is vascular tissue

Back 27

in perichondrium

Front 28

what are teh four types of cartilage?

Back 28

hyaline, fibrous, elastic, calcified

Front 29

What type of cartilage is loaded with colagen and is resistant to tension.

Back 29

fibrous

Front 30

what are some places that fibrous cartilage is located?

Back 30

IV disc, patella, pubic symphyss.

Front 31

true or false the baleen has bone embedded in it?

Back 31

false

Front 32

which class of whales has 2 blow holes?

Back 32

mysticetes

Front 33

jaws and claws used to take down prety are examples of ____ structures

Back 33

prehensil

Front 34

what order do whales fall under and what suborder has one blowhole?

Back 34

odontocetes

Front 35

what type of whale skim the water surface and contantly takes in water and food.

Back 35

right

Front 36

what are some of the human bodies way of overcoming the instability created by bipedal locomotion

Back 36

30degree upright shift in pelvis, 30 degree shift of lumbar region, sacrum shifted more dorsal, pelvis wider and shorter (solution to wide pelvis is femur bone comes back under body).

Front 37

what are the main function of spines.

Back 37

sites of muscle attachement where forces are converted into compressive forces.

Front 38

what region of mammal vertebral column is aceolous

Back 38

the lumbar region- for support

Front 39

True or false the aphicoelous provides more flexibility then procoelous / opisthocoelous

Back 39

false-it provides limited flexibility

Front 40

What type of vertebrae is found in the cervial region of turtles and birds and does not provide much rotational flexbility.

Back 40

heterocoelous

Front 41

what is the name of the projection that extends from the axis vertebrae into the atlas ,

Back 41

odontoid process

Front 42

Do agnathans have ribs? Do sharks? do osteichthyes?

Back 42

agnathans= no
sharks= small ones
osteichyes= dorsal/ ventral ones

Front 43

the process where a lizard can loose a portion of its tail and then regrow it is known as being able to ________

Back 43

autotomize

Front 44

Do mammals have more more verebtae in thoracic or lumbar region? what about cetaceans

Back 44

mammals= thoracic
cetaceans= lumbar

Front 45

list the number of sacral vertebra in amphibians, reptiles, most mammals, humans

Back 45

amphibians= 1
reptiles= 2
most mammals=3
humans= 5

Front 46

what composes the ptergyophore in proximal fin

Back 46

the basals and radials.

Front 47

waht is the difference between ceratotrichia and lepidotrichia

Back 47

ceratotrichia are not composed of segmented bones and are keratinzed fin rays ; are found in chondrichthyes. p321

Front 48

what is the name of the joint where the humerus attaches to the shoulder

Back 48

glenoid fossa

Front 49

In the fore and hind limbs what are the two more later bones in the zygooiduyn

Back 49

UF- ulna and fibula

Front 50

what is the cannon bone a fusion of?

Back 50

metatarsals