Comparative Politics 3

Front 1

What percent of senate is re-elected?

Back 1

91%

Front 2

Is the 91% of re-elected senate good or bad for America?

Back 2

Bad - things will stay the same and will not change from election to election.

Front 3

Gerrymandering

Back 3

drawing districts line in a way where they benefit one party and not the other

Front 4

“safe” districts

Back 4

Over the years there have been a number of “safe” district formed, in which they do not change their party throughout the years.

Front 5

Term limits

Back 5

exists at the state level in some states, but is considered unconstitutional by federal law. It is not clear that term limits are a good idea, besides the automatic turnover of personnel.

Front 6

Bicameral

Back 6

frequent in federal political systems, strong or weak upper houses, lower house is dominant in many,

Front 7

Unicameral

Back 7

most legislative institutions in the world are unicameral

Front 8

Deliberation

Back 8

house of Commons has a weak political system, so they’re taken over. In the United States it’s done quietly, full chamber via congress.

Front 9

Scrutiny

Back 9

oversight of a political executive

Front 10

Enacting legislation

Back 10

to pass laws, appropriate money, etc.
They have the ability to authorize expenditures of money, taxes.

Front 11

Presidential

Back 11

The US most important example

Front 12

Parliamentary

Back 12

found in Europe

Front 13

Semi- Presidential

Back 13

(hybrid)

Front 14

Head of government in a parliamentary system

Back 14

prime minister
The prime minister is the party leader of the highest political party in the coalition.

Front 15

Head of state in a parliamentary system

Back 15

monarch
The head of state is less political, and viewed as a ceremonial office.

Front 16

Head of state in a presidential system

Back 16

president

Front 17

Coalition governments

Back 17

go by the majority party, which means the majority coalition takes office.
In some instances, parties will combine in order to bring up their numbers to be the majority party.

Front 18

Cabinet posts

Back 18

are brought about substantively as well. This includes negotiations in which the party get what they are focused on in the coalition (EX: Greens – environmental attention)

Front 19

Westminster model

Back 19

British parliamentary system the majority coalition rules absolutely. Strong party discipline, the minority party has no chance.

Front 20

Semi-Presidential

Back 20

best example France. A hybrid system to incorporate the best of parliamentary and presidential systems EX: Germany after WWI under Keiser, before Hitler came into power.

Front 21

Spoils system .

Back 21

“to the victor, goes the spoils” whoever was in power would use the power to re-appoint themselves or others from organizations and parties

Front 22

Merit system

Back 22

Protection and merit from political interference, so all is equal.

Front 23

Bureaucratic culture

Back 23

France is labeled as the best bureaucracy in the world. The French have a system that is highly specialized in terms of training – specialized schools are in line to prepare you specifically for your career.

Front 24

In the U.S, we have a ______ bureaucratic culture, in which specialized skills must also be obtained to work in these fields, and the idea of accountability.

Back 24

hybrid

Front 25

The US relies on _____ _________ for healthcare costs more than any other country.

Back 25

private insurance

Front 26

The United States healthcare is classified by

Back 26

1) cost and 2) access

Front 27

NHS (National Health Service) is a healthcare system for which country?

Back 27

Great Britain

Front 28

Single-Payer (government) is a healthcare system for which country?

Back 28

Canada

Front 29

Mandatory Health Insurance is a healthcare system for which country?

Back 29

new United States model

Front 30

American Model is a healthcare system for which country?

Back 30

old US model, healthcare is not mandatory

Front 31

The social purpose behind tax deduction is

Back 31

to encourage economic spending, and the extra taxes upon cigarettes and alcohol to discourage consumption.

Front 32

Visible Taxation

Back 32

personal income tax, highly visible

Front 33

Non-visible (hidden) Taxation

Back 33

sales taxes, not so visible

Front 34

Social Policy

Back 34

combining policies like child care credit, welfare, social security, etc. to provide income to individuals who cannot make ends meet. This can happen through entitlement programs or social insurance. This means these government programs are offered to anyone who meets the requirements. EX: Medicare is given to those above the (blank) age, because the age is the qualification.

Front 35

Means tested

Back 35

is a program in which not everyone qualifies, but you must meet certain income related criteria to earn the benefits: such as food stamps.
(which are more economically efficient, but less popular)
Generally used by Anglo-Saxton countries like the US

Front 36

Programs such as entitlements and social insurance are generally used by

Back 36

European countries

Front 37

Liberalism in the US

Back 37

The idea of liberalism brought upon political individualism in the US, aka Liberals and Conservatives

Front 38

Liberalism in Germany

Back 38

the forces are socialism and Christian democrats

Front 39

Rational Choice Policy Making

Back 39

that standard to which idealized decisions would be made. A relatively time consuming process, requires much time and many resources. Approach the decision in a ration, logical way. Engage in a cost-benefit analysis, and the possible options of the benefits. They make a decision by selecting the option with the most benefit but the smallest cost. This can be related to our own private decision making (IE: Buying a car)

Front 40

Incremental Policy Making

Back 40

related with S.O.P’s, (standard operational procedure), or a prearranged response

Front 41

Garbage can Policy Making

Back 41

decision making by “the seat of your pants”, not much planning in advance, just going by whim and get it done, take care of business. This often times involves a lot of irrationality.

Front 42

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 42

in operation with the KGB, a secret service agency. One they arrived in Cuba they were under the watch of the soviet military. They followed their S.O.P’s, in which they simply followed the procedure they were used to in the soviet union, getting them caught by America.

Front 43

Fiscal Policy

Back 43

the political leader that are currently negotiating fiscal cliffs, or fiscal slopes, are dealing with two different problems (unemployment and government debt), which push each other out of the way. One problem aggravates the other.

Front 44

Monetary Policy

Back 44

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Front 45

British Austerity

Back 45

Usefulness of campaigning

Front 46

Adam Smith

Back 46

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Front 47

John Maynard Keynes

Back 47

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Front 48

Milton Friedman

Back 48

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Front 49

Liberal Market Economies (United States)

Back 49

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Front 50

Coordinated Market Economies (Germany)

Back 50

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Front 51

Developmental State (Japan, Korea)

Back 51

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