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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a dental pad? |
replaces upper incisors and canines in ruminants. |
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Ruminant dental formula? |
2(I 0/4, C 0/0, PM 3/3, M 3/3)=32 |
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what is the rumen? |
largest compartment, fills half of abdomen |
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what is eruction? |
belching |
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what is rumenotomy? |
surgical opening of rumen |
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what is a ruminal fistula? |
a permanent opening from rumen to outside of body |
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what is a reticulum? |
most cranial compartment of stomach -honeycomb appearance |
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what is the omasum? |
spherical compartment caudal to reticulum -book shape with muscle folds |
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what is the abomasum? |
“true stomach” -glandular tissue, ventral aspect of abdomen |
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what is a displaced abomasum? |
relocation to right or left causing disturbances in digestion. |
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what is bloat? |
excessive build up of rumen and reticulum gas |
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treatment for bloat? |
-stomach tube -trocharization |
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what is Gastric Groove? |
suckling with head elevated, causes lip to close -allows milk to go straight to abomasum |
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what is Cud Chewing? |
regurgitation from reticulum followed by re-chewing/re-swallowing -provides more mechanical breakdown |
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food bolus for ruminants? |
1. oral cavity 2. esophagus 3. reticulum-rumen 4. cud chewing 5. rumen 6. omasum 7. abomasum 8. hind gut |
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what is the equine dental formula? |
2(I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3-4/4, M 3/3) 40-42 |
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what are hypsodant teeth? |
teeth that have a deep crown and short root |
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function for hypsodant teeth |
allows horse to grind its food |
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what is floating teeth? |
smooth out teeth to prevent ulcers |
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how long is the horses esophagus? |
5 feet long |
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what are 2 pathologies of the esophagus? |
1. gastric distention 2. choke |
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what kind of stomach does a horse have? |
simple stomach |
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what is Margo Plicata? |
separates glandular/ non-glandular portion |
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what is a pathology for a horses stomach? |
gastric ulcers |
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what is EGUS? |
equine gastric ulcer syndrome |
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what organ does a horse NOT have? |
gallbladder |
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pathology for the horse small intestine? |
intussusception, volvulus |
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what is the Cecum? |
-“hind gut” - 4 feet long, 3 parts: base, body, apex |
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pathology for the cecum |
-cecal tymphony -cecal torsion |
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what is the large colon? |
-10-12 feet long: double horseshoe -ascending and transverse colon |
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what is the small colon? |
-descending colon -10-12 feet long |
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what is haustra? |
pouches of the colon |
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pathology of the small colon? |
equine salmonellosis |
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what is colic? |
acute abdominal pain |
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clinical signs of colic? |
-anorexia, depression - kicking at belly, fever -rolling |
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work up of colic? |
history’s, TPR, bloodwork, rectal, nasogastric tube, abdominocentesis |
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what is pelvic flexure impaction colic? |
-ventral colon take 180 turn to dorsal colon -most common colic |
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what is sand impaction colic? |
sand gets impacted in right dorsal colon and pelvic flexure -whooshing sound |
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what is right dorsal displacement colic? |
when it gets displaced and fills with gas |
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what is left dorsal displacement colic? |
when it slips between the kidney and spleen -nephrosplenic ligament entrapment |
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what is colon torsion colic? |
the large colon twists on itself -emergency surgery |
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what are the 3 pulse sites for equine? |
1. transverse facial artery 2. submandibular artery 3. lateral/dorsal metatarsal artery |
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what is the preferred venipuncture site for horses? |
jugular vein |
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function of honeycomb in reticulum? |
prevents hardware from moving to digestive tract |
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what is methane-producing bacteria responsible for? |
regulating overall fermentation of the rumen |
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what is the range of protozoas |
105-106 cells/grams |
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how much food material can the rumen hold? |
40-60 gallons |
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what do bacteria of the rumen require for optimum growth? |
warm, oxygen-free environment |
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what is the PH for the rumen? |
5.8-6.4 |
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what is the omasum known as? |
manyplies |
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what is the ph for abomasum? |
2-4 |
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what is rumination? |
ability to digest food fast and chew it later -allows for easier passage |
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how many gallons of saliva is produced per day? |
47.5 gallons |
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4 things the affect saliva production? |
1. order of ingredients 2. number of times being fed 3. type of feed 4. how much the cows chew |
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what 3 microbial population in the rumen consist of? |
1. bacteria 2. protozoa 3. fungi |
