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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Voluntary Political participation
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when people are politically active with no outside forces telling them to be
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Regimented political participation
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People who are systematically involved. usually because their parents are that way or they were socialized to be regimented in their beliefs.
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Patron-client Political participation
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When you vote for someone just because they helped you out. "you scratch my back you scratch mine"
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Political socialization
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When early influences impact later political decisions. Parents, churches, and schools. can all socialize children
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political effiicacy
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how much people think they can influence what the government does. like voter turn outs and other things.
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1 party system
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Framework is the state has all the power.
Command economy as apposed to market economy - the government decides about distribution |
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Dominant party
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When one party is almost always in control even though there are other options there is really only one real party that will win.
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2 party
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What we have in the United states. When there are two options of who can control the government
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Multi-party
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When there is many options as far as parties go with who can control the government.
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Clientelism
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When people vote for a specific group because of certain incentive. like free health care and other things.
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corporatism
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In Europe. arangements through which government, business, and labor leaders cooperatively set micro-economic or macroeconomic policy. normally outside of the regular electoral legislative process. In Mexico and elsewhere in the third world, another term to describe the way people are intergrated into the system via patron-client relations.
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pluralism
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1. A condition in which numerous distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups are present and tolerated within a society.
2. The belief that such a condition is desirable or socially beneficial. 3. The doctrine that reality is composed of many ultimate substances. 4. The belief that no single explanatory system or view of reality can account for all the phenomena of life. |
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Institutional revolutionary party (PRI)
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PRI was the single party system that created one group for each intrests, and left the people with no choice but to join the government organized group.
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Mexican Revolution
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Mexico was first controlled by elitists people started to come out of the wood work supporting nationalism and workers right and people soon became interested in these ideals .
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Emiliano Zapata
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a revolutionist who wanted to change the way Mexico was run. When this happened he was assassinated by the PRI conservatives.
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Villa
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Also assainated by the PRI a revolutionary person.
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Tlatelolco plaza
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Tlateloloco plaza (1968)- students criticize the fact that they do not have rights. then the PRI started riots and started shooting them up
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Regime (political transitions)
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authoritarian government that
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Liberal democracy
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Coherent set of ideas or ideology that consitst of a lack of central governmental control.
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capitalism
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individual rights, Limited government, free markets.
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Villa
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Also assainated by the PRI a revolutionary person.
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Tlatelolco plaza
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Tlateloloco plaza (1968)- students criticize the fact that they do not have rights. then the PRI started riots and started shooting them up
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Regime (political transitions)
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authoritarian government that
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Liberal democracy
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Coherent set of ideas or ideology that consitst of a lack of central governmental control.
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capitalism
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individual rights, Limited government, free markets.
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Welfare state
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programs that states set up to help the people get on their feet.
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industrial policy
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when the government controls the way industry is run and how the money is allocated.
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parliamentary system
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are characterized by no clear-cut separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches, leading to a different set of checks and balances compared to those found in presidential systems. Parliamentary systems usually have a clear differentiation between the head of government and the head of state, with the head of government being the prime minister or premier, and the head of state often being a figurehead, often either a president (elected either popularly or by the parliament) or by a hereditary monarch (often in a constitutional monarchy).
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presidential system
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is a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the name) separately from the legislature, to which it is not accountable and which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it. [1]
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Semi-presidential system
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is a system of government in which a prime minister and a president are both active participants in the day-to-day administration of the state. It differs from a parliamentary republic in that it has a popularly elected Head of State who is more than a purely ceremonial figurehead.
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Fascism
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a totalitarian nationalist ideology that is committed to being a third position alternative to capitalism and communism.It seeks to solve existing economic, political, and social problems by achieving a millenarian national rebirth by exalting the nation or race as well as promoting cults of unity, strength and purity.
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Weimer Republic
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Following World War I, the republic emerged from the German Revolution in November 1918. In 1919 a national assembly convened in the city of Weimar, where a new constitution for the German Reich was written, to be adopted on 11 August. This attempt to re-establish Germany as a liberal democracy failed with the ascent of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in 1933.
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Berlin wall
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was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR) (East Germany), including East Berlin. The longer inner German border demarcated the border between East and West Germany. Both borders came to symbolize the Iron Curtain between Western and Eastern Europe.
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Reunification
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k place twice after 1945: first in 1957, the Saarland was permitted to join the Federal Republic of Germany, and again on 3 October 1990, when the five re-established states of the German Democratic Republic (GDR / East Germany) joined the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG / West Germany), and Berlin was united into a single city-state.
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Cold war
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the state of conflict, tension and competition that existed between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s. Throughout this period, rivalry between the two superpowers was expressed through military coalitions, propaganda, espionage, weapons development, industrial advances, and competitive technological development, e.g., the space race. Both superpowers engaged in costly defence spending, a massive conventional and nuclear arms race, and numerous proxy wars.
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Federal Republic of Germany
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, from its formation in May 1949 to German reunification in October 1990, when East Germany was dissolved and its states became part of the Federal Republic, ending the more than 40-year division of Germany. From 1990 onwards, the Federal Republic of Germany has been exclusively known as Germany.
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Marshall plan
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from its enactment, officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger foundation for the allied countries of Europe, and repelling communism after World War II.
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Karl Marx; Marxism
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“a theory in which class struggle is a central element in the analysis of social change in Western societies.” Marxism is the antithesis of capitalism which is defined by Encarta as “an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods, characterized by a free competitive market and motivation by profit.” Marxism is the system of socialism of which the dominant feature is public ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange.
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State socialism
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any variety of socialism which relies on control of the means of production by the state, either through state ownership or regulation.
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Centrally planned "command" economies
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he central or state government regulate various factors of production. In fact, the government is the final authority to take decisions regarding production, utilization of the finished industrial products and the allocation of the revenues earned from their distribution.
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Stalinsim
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more secret and repressive regime of communism.
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Vladimir Lenin: Leninism
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o various related political and economic theories elaborated by Bolshevik revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin. Leninism builds upon and elaborates the ideas of Marxism, and serves as a philosophical basis for the ideology of Soviet Communism.
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vanguard party
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a political party at the forefront of a mass action, movement, or revolution. The idea of a vanguard party was developed by Vladimir Lenin, most prominently in What is to be Done?, a political pamphlet first published in 1902.
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Mao Zedong
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was a Chinese military and political leader who led the Communist Party of China (CPC) to victory against the Kuomintang (KMT, a.k.a. Guomindang) in the Chinese Civil War, and was the leader of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. Regarded as one of the most important figures in modern world history,[
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Peasant based revolution
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Created more peasantry in the world
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Deng Xiaoping
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was a prominent Chinese revolutionary, politician, pragmatist and reformer, as well as the late leader of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Deng never held office as the head of state or the head of government, but served as the de facto leader of the People's Republic of China from 1978 to the early 1990s.
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post maoist china
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On one side was the left wing led by the Gang of Four, who wanted to continue the policy of revolutionary mass mobilization. On the other side was the right wing opposing these policies. Among the latter group, the restorationists, led by Chairman Hua Guofeng, advocated a return to central planning along the Soviet model, whereas the reformers, led by Deng Xiaoping, wanted to overhaul the Chinese economy based on market-oriented policies and to de-emphasize the role of Maoist ideology in determining economic and political policy. Eventually, the reformers won control of the government. Deng Xiaoping, with clear seniority over Hua Guofeng, defeated Hua in a bloodless power struggle a few years later.
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Hu Jintao
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currently the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China since 2002
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Democracy Wall (China 1978)
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was a long brick wall on Xidan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, which became the focus for democratic dissent. Beginning in December 1978, in line with the Communist Party of China's policy of "seeking truth from facts," activists in the Democracy movement — such as Xu Wenli — recorded news and ideas, often in the form of big-character posters (dazibao), during a period known as the "Beijing Spring". The first posting on the Wall was by a poet from Guizhou province, Huang Xiang. These activists were initially encouraged to criticize the Gang of Four and previous failed government policies as part of Deng Xiaoping's struggle to gain power but the wall was closed in December 1979 when the leadership and the communist party system were being criticized along with acknowledged mistakes and previous leaders.
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Tiananmen Square (1989)
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ulminating in the Tiananmen Square Massacre (referred to in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident, to avoid confusion with two other Tiananmen Square protests) were a series of demonstrations in and near Tiananmen Square led by labour activists, students, and intellectuals in the People's Republic of China (PRC) between 15 April and 4 June 1989.
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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a Russian politician. He was the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the last head of state of the USSR, serving from 1985 until its collapse in 1991;
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Glasnot
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literally defined as publicity and sometimes figuratively interpreted as "tipping a vase to let someone see into the vase, but not the bottom of the vase".[citation needed]
Glasnost is the policy of maximal publicity, openness, and transparency in the activities of all government institutions in the Soviet Union, together with freedom of information. |
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Perestrokia
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is the Russian term (now used in English) for the economic reforms introduced in June 1987[1] by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Its literal meaning is "restructuring", referring to the restructuring of the Soviet economy.
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Boris Yelstin
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the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.Yeltsin came to power with a wave of high expectation but, he Yeltsin era was marked by widespread corruption, economic collapse, and enormous political and social problems. By the time he left office, Yeltsin had an approval rating of two percent by some estimates
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Vladimir Zhirnovsky
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a Russian politician, founder and the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR), Vice-Chairman of the State Duma, and a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. Despite its name, LDPR is often described as an ultra-nationalist party
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Vladimir Putin
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was the second President of Russia and is the current Prime Minister of Russia
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economic liberalization
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Less restrictions on market, privatizing industries, maket deregulation, sate sells industries to private... market deregulation free trade, NAFTA, lower import and export (tariffs and duties), move manufacturing bases where they can buy labor more cheaply.
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Shock Therapy
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quick movements from communism to a free market (capitalism) left a lot of people in shock. people used to be protected and now they had to make their own way.
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Market reform
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When the market types change the way the country and the economy react towards it.
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Russian Oligarchs
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some individuals who became so immensely rich in the privatization of the assets of the Soviet system that they became known as the oligarchs. The name implies that they were powerful. They were not the only ones who became rich, but their success put them into a separate class.
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Vladimir Putin
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was the second President of Russia and is the current Prime Minister of Russia
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economic liberalization
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Less restrictions on market, privatizing industries, maket deregulation, sate sells industries to private... market deregulation free trade, NAFTA, lower import and export (tariffs and duties), move manufacturing bases where they can buy labor more cheaply.
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Shock Therapy
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quick movements from communism to a free market (capitalism) left a lot of people in shock. people used to be protected and now they had to make their own way.
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Market reform
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When the market types change the way the country and the economy react towards it.
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Russian Oligarchs
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some individuals who became so immensely rich in the privatization of the assets of the Soviet system that they became known as the oligarchs. The name implies that they were powerful. They were not the only ones who became rich, but their success put them into a separate class.
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Post-communist regimes
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Regimes that come about after communsim is taken down. Democracies and other ideas that play out.
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Political mobilization
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The idea that politics can change and be modified while the contry develops
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Demobilization
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is the process of standing down a nation's armed forces from combat-ready status. This may be as a result of victory in war, or because a crisis has been peacefully resolved and military force will not be necessary.
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Populism
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is a discourse which supports "the people" versus "the elites." Populism may involve either a political philosophy urging social and political system changes and/or a rhetorical style deployed by members of political or social movements competing for advantage within the existing party system.
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authoritariansim
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describes a form of government characterized by an emphasis on the authority of the state in a republic or union.
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Coercison vs. Legitmacy
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people may just do things, because they are told to, but they may not have a valid reason.
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Gen. Augusto Pinochet (Chile)
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was a Chilean military officer and dictator. He was the leader of the Government Junta of Chile from 1973 to 1974 and President of Chile from 1974 until the return of democratic rule in 1990.
From the beginning, the military government led by Pinochet implemented harsh measures against its political opponents, which included systematic violations of civil liberties and human rights and for which he faced several criminal processes until his death in 2006. |
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Delegitimation of authoritarian regimes
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when authoritarian regimes are not legitmate and have lacked respect and following!
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