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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are four psychological attributes that make people behave less than rationally according to the cognitive model?
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1. Simplicity
2. Consistency 3. Poor Estimators 4. Loss Aversion |
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What did the study on the “Ultimatum Game” by Schmittberger and Schwartz contribute to the study of foreign policy?
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It showed that humans are driven by strong emotional responses.
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What is rational decision making?
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Rational decision making is the decsion-making process that we should choose to use. Rational decision makers rely on intuitively ranked preferences and are logical and orderly. They are good at updating information and are capable of weighing consequences.
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Explain the agency-structure problem (agency-structure debate).
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Claims that structures and agents are interrelated and questions whether actions are rooted internally (actor's preferences, interests, etc) or externally (context, structure of the system).
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Choice is a conflict between ____ and _____.
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Emotion and computation.
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True or false, and please explain your answer: Rational models have strong empirical validity.
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False, Rational models have POOR empirical validity because people rarely conform to the expectations of the rational model.
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What are heuristics?
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Heuristics are rules or indicators which are embedded within a leader that are used to make decision making easier. It helps describe how decision-makers process information, using convenient short cuts or rules of thumb.
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How do actors (agents) relate to structures?
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Actors and structures are interrelated and they mutually affect each other, though they do not have a causal relationship.
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What is the difference between an explanan and an explanandum?
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Explanan are the approaches and instruments that do the explaining, Explanandum is the object of analysis in foreign policy (what you're trying to explain).
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What is analogical reasoning?
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Analogical reasoning is the decision-making process that involves applying knowledge from a familiar domain (something that previously occurred) to a less-familiar domain currently being examined in order to simplify the situation. Example: Bush senior called Hussein 'another Hitler,' ignoring the differences between the 2 men as well as Iraq in 1990 and Germany in 1938.
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Name four approaches to foreign policy analysis that are based on a structural perspective.
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1. Realism
2. Neoliberal Institutionalism 3. Organizational behavior 4. Social Constructivism |
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Name four approaches to foreign policy analysis that use an actor-based perspective.
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1. Cognitive or Psychological
2. Bureaucratic Politics 3. Liberal or Societal actor 4. Interpretive actor perspective |
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How many pieces of information can the human brain absorb per second? How many can the conscious brain process per second?
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Human brain can absorb 11 million pieces of information/second. The conscious brain can only process 40.
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New imaging technology of the human brain suggests that many decisions are a result of _____and_______.
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Preconscious neurological processes and strong emotional responses.
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What is demonstrated in the ultimatum game?
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People reject offers quickly and intuitively even if they would have gained something, because humans are driven by strong emotional responses.
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What is the difference between defensive and aggressive forms or neorealism?
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Aggressive neorealism is pessimistic and asserts that the structure of the international system fosters conflict, while defensive neorealists believe that although systematic factors have causal effects, they do not amount for all actions. Difference= how much weight they put on the system causing actions/conflict.
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What is behavioralism?
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Adopts a scientific approach through testable hypotheses to develop a body of empirical generalizations regarding political behavior.
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Give a specific example of how analogical reasoning played into the decision making in the Cuban Missile Crisis according to the movie Thirteen Days?
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The decision makers in the Cuban Missile Crisis used anaological reasoning by comparing USSR to Hitler?
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What is the difference between a process and a policy approach to foreign policy analysis?
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In the process approach, analysts how certain goals arise and why certain behaviors result. In the policy approach, they look at the product of the decision, the result of the process.
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What are the five stages of foreign policy instruments?
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1. Military action
2. Political interpretation 3. Negative sanctions 4. Positive sanctions 5. Diplomacy |
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Do you knowingly engage in heuristic processing? Give an example of how heuristics affect your decision-making.
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Yes, I engage in heuristics via the use of availability. I interpret new information through the use of what information is most easily available to me.
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In “Europe and America in the Middle East” by Charles A. Kupchan, the European Union has begun a new level of engagement with whom?
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The Middle East
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What is the main point of the movie Thirteen Days?
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To show the different decision-making processes used by leaders involved in the Cuban Missile Crisis.
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What is the main point of “Moscow is Elbowing Into its Place in the Sun” by Theo Sommer?
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Russia is a world power that doesn't get the respect it deserves and therefore isolates itself and lashes out. The EU should stand its ground so that Russia does not continue to get away with all of this.
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What was the main point of “How Japan Imagines China and Sees Itself” by Masaru Tamamoto?
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Japan is afraid of China, since China is a rising power.
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