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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ICS Basics |
Used every time we go out the door. Can be used for small, short incidents or very large ones. It is the basis for establishing the chain of command and span of control Modular and builds from the top down and can be expanded or contracted based on incident. |
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ICS Levels |
Strategic Coordination Tactical Task |
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Strategic Level |
Overall means and plan for achieving a long term outcome |
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Coordination Level |
Disseminating the information from strategic to tactical |
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Tactical level |
How and with what resources we are going to mitigate an emergency |
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Task level |
Personnel actually performing the necessary activities to mitigate an emergency. |
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TFD Command Structure |
TFD incidents we utilize a single command structure based on ICS principles Command has overall responsibility and control of emergency scene Command operates at the strategic level Operate using SOPs or guidelines |
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Standard Operating Guidelines |
The practice of assigning activities to companies based on their capabilities |
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Advantages of SOGs |
Provide a framework for on-scene operations Increase performance and awareness Reduce the number and detail of orders required |
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Command Sequence |
Incident Priorities are always the mission Strategy is the overriding plan based on situation Tactical procedures are the steps to achieve plan Once implemented, progress is continually re-evaluated and adjusted based on conditions |
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Command Structure |
Command must be established when 3 or more units are responding Command is established by first arriving officer Officer radios on-scene report (size up, command taken, named, and located, initial actions including offensive vs. defensive) Command is kept until transferred to an officer at same level or above. |
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Divisions |
Named based on geographical location (ie Roof Division) Begins at address side (Alpha) and goes clockwise (A, B, C, D) |
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Groups |
Named based on function (ie Ventilation Group) |
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Interior Divisions |
Personnel assigned to interior is usually "Interior Division" For multiple floors, can designate by floor number. Above grade is Division 1, 2, etc. Below grade is Subfloor Division 1, 2, etc. |
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Incident Priorities |
LIFE SAFETY (Safety and accountability of firefighters 1st, safety of occupants 2nd) INCIDENT STABILIZATION PROPERTY CONSERVATION Must be approached in order! |
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SLICERS |
Sequential actions: Size up Locate fire Identify and control flow path Cool the space from safest location Extinguish the fire
Actions of Opportunity: Rescue Salvage |
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Life Safety |
"During life safety operations, efforts are directed to attempting to locate and remove threatened occupants. The IC must be prepared to write off all property to accomplish this objective." The first attack line must go between the fire and the persons endangered by it. TFD Emergency Ops Manual, Section 302, Incident Priorities |
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More Life Safety |
"It shall be standard operating procedure to extend a primary search in all involved and exposed occupancies which can be entered. Command must structure initial operations around the completion of the primary search." -EOM, Section 303, Search and Rescue |
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Even More Life Safety |
Risk/Reward Model Risk a lot to save a lot, risk a little to save a little, risk nothing to save nothing. Because firefighter safety is the first priority under life safety, occasionally a structure may be too involved to make entry based on the calculated risk to firefighters. |
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Life Safety Tactics |
Primary Search Secondary Search Rescue Ops Personnel Safety and Accountability |
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Primary Search |
A RAPID search of all involved and exposed areas affected by the fire and which can be entered to verify the removal and/or safety of all occupants. |
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Secondary Search |
A THOROUGH search of the interior of the fire area after initial fire control and ventilation activities have been completed. |
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Primary Search Stuff |
Do NOT enter the building without a PLAN. Identify search teams Areas to be searched (access/egress Stairwell locations Firefighting strategies surrounding the search |
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Primary Search Equipment |
Full PPE Forcible entry tools TIC Minimum 2 handlights Radio Duct Tape/MT tags Others: rope, hoseline, door stops... |
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Primary Search Ops |
Prior to entering room, place one handlight at door with beam shining into room to identify exit. Follow a search pattern to ensure personnel safety and increase chance that the entire room will be searched. Most common search patterns (left or right) Search one room quickly before moving to the next Utilize tools or webbing to extend reach and maintain contact with hose, wall, or partner. |
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Primary Search Tips |
Utilize rope safety lines tied to rescuer when performing search and rescue in extremely hazardous situations If you can't see your feet, don't stand Be alert for holes, stairs, shafts, etc. Must use tools to sound floor if basement below or on second floor |
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Primary Search Tips 2 |
If room is too hot or door is difficult to open, probe doorway with FE Tool; victims often just inside door. Pause occasionally and be alert for victim sounds Be aware of signs that residence is occupied: cars in garage, toys, lights on, time of day/night, other info Check and recheck air supply |
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Primary Search Tips 3 |
When extricating victims found, don't forget to watch what the fire is doing around you Keep one person on the hoseline to protect your egress as you extricate Be aware of rollover and pre-flashover conditions and be prepared to deal with them. Coordinate extrication with command More people may be needed to help extricate victims and keep an eye on fire behavior. |
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Oriented Search |
A method of search that utilizes one "oriented" team leader, and one or more searches. Allows for focus to be split into two areas: 1. Safety of the Search Team 2. Actual Search |
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VEIS |
Vent, Enter, Isolate, Search |
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VEIS Definition |
This is an approved tactic for entering a structure in a rescue situation through a door or window to search for victims or the seat of the fire. The priority upon entering from outside is to secure the entry door of the room entered to isolate that room from the flow path created by opening your entry point. The room must remain isolated until the fire is being directly controlled by advancing hoselines. The room, or rooms isolated, may be searched once door control is made and maintained. |
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Secondary Search |
Should be completed by companies/personnel other than those who performed the Primary Search THOROUGHNESS is the key to secondary search. |
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Rescue Operations |
Rescue efforts shall be carried out in the following order: 1. Most severely threatened. 2. Largest number. 3. Remainder of the fire area. 4. All other exposed areas. (EOM section 303 Search and Rescue) |
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Personnel Safety and Accountability |
Safety Officer Accountability Procedures (PASSPORT) Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) Responses |
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Incident Stabilization |
"During incident control operations, efforts are directed at attempting to locate the fire, cut it off and extinguish it. It may be necessary to damage the building in order to save it." EOM section 302, Incident Priorities |
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Property Conservation |
"During property conservation operations, efforts are directed at attempting to identify and protect the value of all property that may have survived the fire and firefighting efforts." EOM section 302, Incident Priorities
Begins before we roll and continues until all incident priorities and benchmarks are accomplished. |
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Customer Stabilization |
Ensure that all people affected by the emergency are accounted for: Red Cross Animal Control Crisis Response Center Medical Issues Securing property and personal effects |
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Benchmarks |
The benchmarks are achievement signals that tell the IC when one basic priority function is completed and the operation can go on to the next major activity. |
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Actual Benchmarks |
Life Safety: "ALL CLEAR" (two separate all clear notifications, Primary and Secondary search completed) Incident Stabilization: "UNDER CONTROL" Property Conservation: "LOSS STOPPED" |
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Operational Modes |
1. Investigative (nothing showing) 2. Offensive, Exterior Reset or Interior Attack 3. Defensive |
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Offensive Fire Attack |
An aggressive interior attack with related support to bring the fire under control. |
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Defensive Fire Attack |
An exterior attack directed to stop the forward progress of the fire, limit loss, and protect exposures. |
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Risk vs. Benefit Evaluation |
The bigger the fire, the less likely that anyone is alive in the structure. |
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Command Modes |
1. Investigation - No visible or obvious signs of fire. 2. Fast Attack - Immediate action required. "Mobile command" 3. Command - Immediate organization required. "Fixed command." |
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Company Operations |
Typical single family residence response (single alarm): 1 BC 3 Engines 1 Ladder or LT 1 Medic truck 2 ECs Air/Light/Power if working incident. It has a compressor. Additional alarms: 1 BC, 2 Engines, 1 Ladder, 1 Squad (RIC), 1 Medic Truck, 1 EC |
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Engine Ops Offensive Attack |
1. Deploy and operate hoselines (Primary search and rescue, fire attack) 2. Water Supply 3. Coordinate with ventilation group for proper timing and location 3. Utilize fire protection systems (hook to sprinkler system FIRST, standpipes SECOND) |
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Engine Ops Offensive Attack First In |
Primary Search/Fire attack Initial hoselines into the structure Depending on next due engine or location of hydrant, could make own water supply. |
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Engine Ops Offensive Second in |
Locates and stages at hydrant When given order, typically supplies first in engine a water supply. Pulls additional lines off first engine. Assist with primary search/rescue/fire attack Can conduct secondary search if the fire quickly controlled by first in company. |
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Engine Ops Offensive Third In |
RIC Functions |
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Hoseline Operation Offensive Attack |
1. Protect victims (1st line between fire and victims) 2. Protect Egress (lines between fire and exits, protect stairwells) 3. Fire Attack (Attack from unburned portion of structure, fog pattern for heat protection, solid/straight stream for extinguishment) 4. Back up - true back up line is in place in case 1st line fails and to protect egress. Also must be same size or larger as attack line. Must have separate water supply (doesn't always happen) |
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Hoseline Operation Defensive |
Safe placement of apparatus Development of master streams Protect exposures Fire control |
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Rapid Intervention Crew |
Concept is based on NFPA 1561 standards which require presonnel be made available for the sole purpose of rescuing firefighters who may become lost or trapped inside a structure fire or other operational situation. |
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RIC |
Will be utilized in all working fires and any other incident where their presence is deemed necessary. RIC should report to scene. |
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RIC continued |
RIC must survey the scene and: 1. Identify barriers to rescue 2. Ensure correct placement of ladders. 3. Observe fire conditions and fire attack. 4. Anticipate problems fire crews might encounter (soften building) The role is more proactive than reactive! Assume the worst will happen. |
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More RIC |
All four members of crew report to IC (or Ops if staffed) with circular saw, in full turnouts and SCBA. Soften building - force doors and barriers to egress. Stand by in an area near the incident that will allow them to fulfill the requirements of immediate. Upon activation, RIC will become "RIC Rescue Group" (New RIC must be established should this happen) RIC is there for rescue. They should not be assigned other tasks unless they are immediately retrievable. |
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RIC Responsibilities |
Observe overall strategy: offensive vs defensive Monitor radio traffic for "mayday" Evaluate collapse potential Identify special problems (barred windows, gates, steel doors, high security locks, access problems) be proactive and remove them for quick access. Observe accountability board/location of companies, determine where fire attack and primary search teams are operating. Observe location of ground ladders, place more if necessary. |
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Final Notes on RIC |
Depending on the size of incident, there may need to be more than one RIC. Typically the RIC will stage at or near the Command Post, but if the building is very large in area or in height, RIC may be located in the division closest to the fire attack crews. Some departments use term RIT (Team). Not us. |
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Ladder Ops Offensive |
1. Primary Search 2. Secondary Search 3. Rescue Ops 4. Support activities - forcible entry, ventilation, utility control, lighting and power supply, salvage/overhaul. |
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Ladder Defensive |
Secure utilities Lighting/power supply Development of elevated master streams Fire control Protect exposures |
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Medic Company Ops |
Can be assigned to any function by command. Primary responsibility is attending to victims. Typically assists with engine operations initially and pulled out if victims found. Also may be assigned as rehab, triage, treatment, and transport responsibilities. |
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Know the game plan! |
All functions are essential for success Each company knows the role they are playing Each company follows the game plan Each crew's task is essential for overall success of the Strategic Plan. |
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Teamwork |
"There's a special force that gets people working as a team. Once that force is in action the team is virtually unbeatable." |
