Comp Vert Anat. Lecture 25 Cranial Nerves

Front 1

The CNS developed as a folding of the _______ into a hollow tube.

Back 1

neural ectoderm

Front 2

The CNS developed as a folding of the neural ectoderm into a hollow tube. This tube structure is retained in the brain as a system of _____, or fluid filled spaces, in the center of the brain.

Back 2

ventricles

Front 3

Why are ventricle (fluid filled spaced) in the center of the brain important? (functionally and developmentally)

Back 3

functionally: its generates cerebrospinal fluid (which is important in nourishment of the brain)

Developmentally: it is important as the ventricular zone-the area of the developing neural tube that lies right along the ventricle, is the site of neural proliferation. The "birth zone" of neurons.

Front 4

We generally think of a clear progression from smaller brains to bigger brains as we move from fish to reptiles to mammals, but in reality this would be an oversimplification.
In particular, it is notable that cartilaginous fishes have much larger brains compared to body size that you would expect give their __________ .

Back 4

phylogenetic position

Front 5

There are 12 Cranial Nerves

What are the three categories these nerves are separated into?

Back 5

Cranial Nerves associated with special sense organs

Cranial Nerves associated with motor nerves only

Cranial nerves to branchial arches
(carry motor both somatic & autonomic, general sensory, and often taste)

Front 6

One of the three categories of the 12 Cranial Nerves is : Cranial Nerves associated with special sense organs

Specifically which nerves are in this category (number & name of nerve)

Back 6

0: terminal nerve
I: olfactory nerve
II: optic nerve
VIII: statoacoustic or vestibulocochlear

Front 7

Terminal Nerve
what category
number
function

Back 7

associated with special sense organs

0

probable chemosensory & probably associated with reproduction and detection of pheromones

Front 8

Name the Cranial nerve I. and is function

Back 8

olfactory nerve: there are many olfactory nerves, which grow from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb in the forebrain.

Front 9

Optic nerve
what category
number
function

Back 9

associated with special sense organs

II

the optic nerve is actually an outgrowth of the brain. It carries visual signals from the eye

Front 10

Name Cranial Nerve VIII and function

Back 10

statoacoustic or vestibulocochlear: hearing and balance

Front 11

Developmental evidence indicates that lateral line nerve are _____ rather that branches of each of the branchial arch nerves.

Back 11

independent

Front 12

Primitively there was a lateral line nerve between 1st and 2nd arches, the 2nd and 3rd arches and the 3rd and 4th arches.

The lateral line nerve between 2rd and 3rd arch was captured for a balance organ: and has become cranial nerve ____

Back 12

VIII vestibulocochlear

Front 13

In aquatic animals the other two nerves remain

a ______ root , which is between 1st and 2nd arch, this provides the other lateral line to the anterior part of the head, and also electric organ

and a POSTOTIC ROOT, which is between __ and __arch this extends back to cover the lateral line along the body

Back 13

preotic

3rd and 4th

Front 14

There were at least two major lateral line nerves primitively :__&___

Back 14

preotic and postotic

Front 15

III: oculomotor
IV: trochlear
VI:abducens
XI acessory nerve
XII hypoglossal

These nerves fall into which category?

Back 15

cranial nerves associated with motor nerves only

Front 16

Name the nerve name and function of nerve III

Back 16

oculomotor: to muscles of eye movement and parasympathetics to eye. This includes tear glands and muscles that constrict and dilate the pupil

Front 17

Two nerves that go to one muscle of eye movement. what are they

Back 17

IV trochlear
VI abducens

Front 18

XI accessory Nerve, which is found only in ____, In other group it is a branch of the vagus nerve (x) , but becomes its own nerve in ___.

Back 18

amniotes

Front 19

Nerve XII : to muscles of the tongue (amniotes only)

What is this nerve

Back 19

hypoglossal

Front 20

The muscle of the tongue migrate into the head from the spinal segments, and in most vertebrates, the tongue is simple innervated by spinal nerves.

However, this part of the spinal cord is captured by the _____,
and this becomes a cranial nerve

Back 20

medulla

Front 21

Which 4 nerves are in the "Cranial nerves to brachial arches" category

(carry motor both somatic and automatic, general sensory and ofter taste)

Back 21

V: trigeminal
VII: facial
IX glossopharyngeal
X vagus

Front 22

the V trigeminal nerve is for the first (_____)arch-it carries motor to all the muscles of ______, and sensory to the entire face. it have three name branches

what are they

Back 22

mandibular

mastication

ophthalmic
maxillary
and mandibular

Front 23

VII: facial to the second (____)arch- it has motor to muscles- they are ____ muscles in most vertebrates, but in mammal become the muscle of _____-it has general sensory to parts of the neck, it has taste buds to the front of the tongue, and it innervates some of the salivary glands

Back 23

hyoid

throat

facial expression

Front 24

Name the nerve

to the third arch; also has bits of general sensory, taste to the posterior part of the tongue, some salivery glands, some motor to throat muscles.

Back 24

IX glossopharyngeal

Front 25

Name the Nerve

to the fourth to sixth arch-motor to larynx, general sensory, some taste (epiglottis), it also is the main parasympathetic nerve to the heart and most of the gut tube

Back 25

X vagus