Comp Sci Chap 1 Lecture Notes

Front 1

"jargon"

Back 1

surfing
rebooting

Front 2

metaphors

Back 2

"window"
"mouse"

Front 3

acronyms

Back 3

RAM
WYSIWYG

Front 4

______ reflect
ideas, concepts and devices that never existed before

Back 4

Many terms in IT

Front 5

______was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface

Back 5

Mac

Front 6

where did the name come from?

Back 6

Named for women who performed computing tasks

Front 7

terminology

Back 7

is basic to learn a subject

COMMUNICATING with others

Front 8

to start a computer depends of the ____ of the computer

Back 8

organization

•Components
•Monolithic

Front 9

Monolithic

Back 9

imac or laptop

power switch of chassis/keyboard

Front 10

components

Back 10

moniter
hard drive
speakers
mixed parts

power switch on box with disk drives

Front 11

motherboard

Back 11


Printed circuit
board inside box

Contains most of
the circuitry of PC:

processor (CPU)

memory

other boards:
• “daughter” boards

Front 12

processor

Back 12


"Smart" part of system.

performs actual computing.

Front 13

memory

Back 13


Where programand dataare loaded when program runs

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Gigabyte = 230bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes

What does Random Accessmean?

Any item can be retrieved directly

Unlike sequential access (ex. tapes)

Front 14

hard disk

Back 14

Persistent storage device

Stores programs and data
that are not in use

Made from magnetized iron
compound:

Keeps data whether PC is
onor off

Saving

moving data from RAM to
hard disk

Successful user saves often

Front 15

hardware

Back 15

(Old) term for metal parts in construction.

Refers to physical partsof computer

Functionsimplemented with wires and transistors

Front 16

software

Back 16

(New) term created for computers.

Means programs(instructions) implementing functions.

Front 17

programming

Back 17

writing out steps of algorithms.

Front 18

operationally attuned

Back 18

Being aware of how something works
Apply what we know about how device or
system works to simplify use

Front 19

_______ has many things in common

Back 19

computer technology

Front 20

user interface
clicking

Back 20


pointer is drawn like any other image.

its re-drawn in new position after moving.

Fast refresh ratecreates illusion of motion

Front 21

what experienced users know

Front 22

Standard GUI & Operations

Back 22

components
functions

Front 23

CD player

Back 24

operations

Front 25

file:
operations apply to ____ instances

Back 25

whole

(document song picture)

Front 26

edit:
operation apply to ____ instances

Back 26

within

Front 28

"clicking around"

Front 29

"blazing away"

Front 30

watch others

Front 31

searching texts

Back 31

An illustration of the principle that form
follows function

Front 32

hidden text

Back 32

25

Front 33

substrings

Front 34

multiword strings

Back 34

Words are separated by spaces. If the number of spaces
in the search string is different from the number in the text
being searched, no match
is found

Front 35

replacing texts

Back 35

Search and replace combines searching
and editing to make corrections to
documents

Front 36

Asynchronous:

Back 36

sending and receiving occur at
different times

Front 37

Synchronous:

Back 37

sender and receiver are active at the
same time

Front 38

Point-to-point communication:

Back 38

single sender and
single receiver

Front 39


Broadcast communication(or multicast):

Back 39

single sender
and many receivers


Front 40

the internet

Back 40

Client/Server

Addresses & DNS Servers

Sending Messages

Getting Connected

Front 41

the WWW

Back 41


Web Pages

HTTP

URL

Front 42

Server:

Client:

Back 42

computer storing web pages.

computer requesting web pages.

Front 43

Each Node (machine) has a unique
address:

Back 43

These addresses consist of 4 octets

For example 1.2.3.4

This is similar to your cell phone number

(XXX)YYY-ZZZZ

XXX –area code

YYY –local number

ZZZZ –Unique number

Front 44

domain

Back 44

is a related group of
networked computers

Front 45

Top-level domains appear in the last part
of domain name as well as the last octet:

Back 45

.edu educational institutions
.org organizations
.net networks
.mil military
.gov government agencies
two-letter country designators such as “.ca” (Canada)

Front 46

DNS servers

Back 46


The Domain Name Systemtranslates the
human-readable names into IP addresses

Internet host knows the IP address of its nearest DNS
server, a computer that keeps a list of domain names
and corresponding IP addresses

When you use a domain name to send information,
your computer asks the DNS server to look up
the IP address

If the DNS server doesn't know the IP address, it asks
a Root name server, which keeps the master
list of name-to-address relationships

Front 47

Internet is a collection of ________, designed to send
information between widely separated
locations

Back 47

Wide Area
Networks (WAN)

Front 48

connect
computers close enough to be linked by a
single cable or wire pair

Ethernetis the main technology for _____

Back 48

Local area networks (LAN)

Front 49

connecting to the internet by ISP

Back 49


Internet Service Providers sell connections to
Internet (like AOL and Earthlink)

User plugs into telephone system or dedicated
connection to ISP

Home computer talks to ISP's computer

ISP's computer is connected to Internet, and
relays information for its customers

Front 50

connecting to the internet by enterprise network connections (LAN)

Back 50


Large networked organizations such as schools,
businesses, or governmental units

The organization creates a LAN or intranet

The intranet connects to the Internet by a gateway

Information from a Web computer is sent across
Internet, through gateway, across LAN to
user's computer

Front 51

connecting to the internet wireless networks

Back 51


A variation on the LAN connection

A computer (called the hub) is physically
connected to the Internet

The hub broadcasts and receives radio
frequency (rf) signals

Mobile computers also send and
receive signals

The hub relays Internet requests for the
networked computers

Front 52

web servers

Back 52

Computers programmed to
send files to browsers running on other
computers connected to the Internet

Web servers and their files make up the
World Wide Web

The World Wide Web is a subset of
the Internet

Front 53

describing a web page

Back 53

Pages are stored as a description of how
they should appear on the screen

Web browser created the image from the
description file

Browser can adapt the source image
more easily

Front 54

hyper text

Back 54

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

Markup languagesdescribe the layout of a document

Margin width

Font

Text style

Image placement

Etc.

Hypertext provides a way to jump from point to point in
documents (non-linear)

Combination of hypertext with markup language lets us
build nonlinear documents for the dynamic and
interconnected Net and Web

Front 55

the internet and the web

Back 55

When is the "www" required and when is it optional?

WWW is just a name; web pages do not have to use it

In order for DNS to work, user must give the exact domain
name

To help users reach them, organizations do two things:
1. Redirection: browser inserts the "www"
2. Registering multiple domain names
–Museum of Modern Art has registered both "moma.org"
and "www.moma.org" to the same IP address

Front 56

is a named collection
of files, other directories, or both

Back 56

directory or folder

Front 57

directory hierarchy

Back 57

Directories can
contain other directories, which can
contain other directories, etc.

Down, or lower in the hierarchy, means moving
into subdirectories

Up, or higher in the hierarchy, means into
enclosing directories

Front 58

organizing the directory

Back 58

List or index files in a directory

Because index linking to the files in a directory is
common, browsers look for it automatically

When a URL ends in a slash, the browser looks for a file
called index.html in that directory

Why are hierarchies important?

People use them to organize their thinking
and work

Directories are free; there is no reason not to
use them