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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RISC |
Reduced Instructions Set Computer |
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Mips was an acronym for |
microprocessor |
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CISC |
Complex instruction set computer x86 |
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ISA design principles |
Simplicity favors regularity smaller is faster make the common case fast good design demands good compromises |
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General classes of MIBS |
arithmetic operations logical data transfer transfer of control |
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Why allow constants in MIBS |
Makes the common case fast |
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Advantages of using registers |
smaller is faster |
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$zero |
hardwired to be zero |
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$v0-$v1 |
values for function results(2-3) |
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$a0-$a3 |
function arguments (4-7) |
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$t0-$t7 |
temps( |
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$s0-$s7 |
saved temp |
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$t8-$t9 |
more temps |
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.data |
switch to data segment |
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.text |
switch to instructions set |
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.space n |
allocate space n |
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.word n, n1, n2 |
Place n value in space |
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R format is for |
registers only |
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I format is for |
loads, stores, branches, and imm |
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j format |
for jumps and calls |
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based displacement |
value of referenced register added to imm |
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R type |
Op is operation funct operation to be operated shamt is used for shifts
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Syscal 1 |
print int |
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Syscal 5 |
read int |
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Syscal 10 |
exit |
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mult destination |
Lo |
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div |
Lo is / Hi is % |
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Having all instructions the same size and a reasonable length means having to construct global address and some constants in two instructions |
good design demands good compromises |
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Big endian |
Writes from left to right |
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little endian |
writes from right to left |
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Static data contains: |
global variables static locals variables string and floating point |
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run-time stack contains |
saved values of callee-saved registers
local variables and arguments not allocated to registers
space for the maxium words of arguments passed on stack to other functions |
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What does the heap contain |
dynamically allocated data |
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Translation process |
preprocessing Compiling Assembling Linking Loading |
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Compiler |
from c program to assebly |
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assembler |
from assembly to machine |
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linker |
combine program and libraries(both in machine code) |
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loader |
load machine program into memory |
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compilers are responsible for checking |
syntax, semantic checks, and optimizing. |
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The object file contains |
a header with size and positions data segment text segment relocation info global labels debugging info |
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Goals when designing an instruction set |
make easy to build processor, compiler, and assembler maximize performance and energy efficiency minimize cost |
