Comp 2 - Boolean Algebra + Computer Architecture

Front 1

What type of model is a computer?

Back 1

A computer is a three box model:

-CPU

-inputs and outputs devices

-Storage devices

Front 2

What is a hardware?

Back 2

Hardware is the physical part of the computer by the software

Front 3

What is a Processor

Back 3

Processor:

Brian of the computer

Big finite state machine

Front 4

Name the two types of main memory

Back 4

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Read Only Memory (ROM)

Front 5

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Back 5

Random Access memory (RAM) - volatile because when the computer is switched off - the contents are lost, temporary memory

Front 6

Read Only Memory (ROM)

Back 6

Read Only Memory (ROM) - non-volatile - the contents in the ROM is not lost when the computer is switched off

Front 7

EEPROM

Back 7

EEPROM- Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

- Can read and write to the memory and it is not lost when the computer is switched off

- Can write to it as well but its a lot slower to write to it

Front 8

Computer Bus

Back 8

Computer Bus - a set of wires that connect independent components together to transfer control signals and data

Front 9

What are the three types of computer buses?

Back 9

Address bus - address all components except the processor - unidirectional

Control bus - transports control signals and is bidirectional

Data bus - transfers data from one component to another - bidirectional

Front 10

What do control buses transport?

Back 10

Control buses transport control signals:

-reset signals - used to initialise components

-Clock signals - used for timing for purposes

Front 11

CPU

Back 11

CPU:

- Processor

-Main memory

-Computer Buses

Front 12

Input/output device

Back 12

An input/output device is a device that inputs or outputs data through its input or output controller

Front 13

I/O Controller

Back 13

An I/O controller:

- has a set of status, data and command registers

-Electronics which allow data transfer between it and other components.

Front 14

Why does each main memory location has a main memory address?

Back 14

Each main memory location has a main memory address so the processor knows which memory to address when it needs it to run a program

Front 15

Stored program concept

Back 15

Stored program concept - a program must be stored in main memory for it to run because the program control unit in the processor needs to fetch the machine code instructions in sequence and execute them one at a time

Front 16

What does a processor contain

Back 16

-Program Control Unit (PCU)

-Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

-Registers

-Inner buses

-inner clock

-Logic gates which are used for flow control

Front 17

Program Control Unit (PCU)

Back 17

Program Control Unit (PCU) - fetches machine code instructions from main memory and executes them one at a time

Front 18

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) -

Back 18

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) - preforms arithmetic and logical calculations

Front 19

Registers

Back 19

Registers - fast memory locations which are used to carry out certain things - these are used instead of using main memory because it would take a lot longer for the processor to fetch everything from the main memory so it is faster

Front 20

Inner bueses

Back 20

inner buses - buses that are used to connect the ALU, PCU and registers together

Front 21

Inner clock

Back 21

inner clock - used for timing purposes

Front 22

Dedicated register

Back 22

Dedicated register is register that carries out a specific role. Programmers can have limited use of these because they only do certain roles

Front 23

General purpose registers

Back 23

A general purpose register is a register that is capable of carrying out many roles which makes them more useful to programmers than dedicated registers

Front 24

Dedicated Register: Program Counter (PC)

Back 24

Program Counter (PC) - holds the address for the next instructions about to be decoded and executed

Front 25

Dedicated Register: Memory Address Register (MAR)

Back 25

Memory Address Register (MAR) - holds the address for the current instructions ready to decoded be decoded and executed

Front 26

Dedicated Register: Memory Buffer Register (MBR)

Back 26

Memory Buffer Register MBR: holds the next instructions ready to be decoded and executed

Front 27

Dedicated Register:Current instruction Register (CIR)

Back 27

Current instruction Register (CIR) - holds the current instructions ready to be decoded by the instruction decoder and executed

Front 28

Dedicated Register: Accumulator (ACC)

Back 28

Accumulator (ACC) - holds the data that is currently being dealt with it to use for a specific purpose such as adding to it or storing it.

Front 29

Dedicated Register: Status Register (SR) -

Back 29

Status Register (SR) - shows the outcome of the data such as overflow, normal ect.

Front 30

Dedicated Register: Stack Pointer (SP)

Back 30

Stack Pointer (SP) - points to the top of the stack where the CPU contents are being stored

Front 31

Clock Speed

Back 31

The frequency in megahertz (MHz) or Gigahertz (GHZ) that determines the speed of execution

Front 32

Word length

Back 32

Word length - the number of lines allocated to the bus. The bigger the word length the more data can be transferred at a time

Front 33

What would be the advantage and disadvantage of microprocessors begin designed with many core processors

Back 33

the speed of execution would be quicker. However, there is a limit to the number of processor because then a lot of heat will be given off

Front 34

Increasing the address bus width

Back 34

Increasing he address bus width - increase the amount of data that can be addressed