Comn 204 Test 1

Front 1

Elements of Public Speaking Effectiveness Process Model (6)

Back 1

1. Audience
2. Context
3. Speaker
4. Speech Planning Process
5. Speech Making Process
6. Speech Effectiveness

Front 2

Audience:
analysis
feedback

Back 2

Specific group at whom speech is directed

study diverse characteristics & make predictions

nonverbal/verbal cues to indicate reaction

Front 3

Context

Back 3

physical, cultural, historical, and psychological (moods, feelings, attitudes & beliefs)

Front 4

Speech planning process

Back 4

system to prepare speech: select speech goal, develop adaptation strategy to audience, gather/eval info, organize info, choose visual aids and verbal language and practice

Front 5

Ethical standards

Back 5

honesty, integrity, fairness, respect and responsibility

Front 6

Communication Competence

Back 6

perception that communication behavior is appropriate and effective

Front 7

Public speaking apprehension

Back 7

communication anxiety, stage-fright

about 15% of American experience extreme fear

Front 8

3 signs of speech apprehension:

Anticipation reaction

Confrontation reaction

Adaptation reaction

Back 8

level of anxiety experience prior to giving speech

surge in anxiety level as begin speech

gradual decline in anxiety level beginning about 1 min into presentation- back to normal after 5 min

Front 9

skill deficit theory

Back 9

most of us become apprehensive b/c don't know how/choose not to prepare effectively

Front 10

Communication orientation motivation (COM)

Back 10

techniques to reduce anxiety by helping speaker adopt communication rather than performance

includes: performance orientation & communication orientation

Front 11

performance orientation

communication orientation

Back 11

viewing pub speaking as situation demanding special delivery tech. with need for perfection

viewing speech as opportunity to talk to pple

Front 12

speech goal

Back 12

statement of what you want you listeners to know, believe, or do

always keep audience in consideration

Front 13

audience adaptation

Back 13

presenting ideas verbally, visually, and vocally in a way that will help audience relate to them

Front 14

4 sub-steps of determining specific speech goal

Back 14

identifying topics

analyzing audience

understanding speech setting

choose topic and developing specific goal

Front 15

Subject

Back 15

broad area of expertise: movies, computer technology, Europe

Front 16

Topic

Back 16

narrow, specific aspect of a subject

Front 17

Brainstorming

Back 17

uncritical, nonevaluative process of generating associated ideas; list as many ideas possible without evaluating

nonjudgemental/non-critical

Front 18

Audience Analysis

Back 18

study of intended audience for speech

know demographic information: age, sex, race, religion, etc.

Front 19

Audience adaptation

Back 19

process of tailoring information to specific audience

Front 20

* Credibility *

Back 20

perception that you are knowledgeable, trustworthy, and personable

Front 21

Setting

Back 21

location and occasion for a speech

Front 22

relevance

Back 22

adapting the info in speech so audience members view as important to them

Front 23

timeliness
(step 1 to demonstrate relevance)

Back 23

est. by demonstrating that it is useful to the audience at present/near future

Front 24

proximity
(step 2)

Back 24

demonstrate by explaining relevance to audience member's personal life

Front 25

personalize
(step 3)

Back 25

demonstrate topic's personal impact-its potential for serious physical, eco, or psychological impact on audience

Front 26

information comprehension

Back 26

adapting information so it is easier for audience members to follow and retain

Front 27

orientating listener
(1 step)

Back 27

review basic ideas of speech in effort to facilitate audience understanding

Front 28

defining key terms
(2 step)

Back 28

ensure listener comprehension by defining unfamiliar & impt. terms

Front 29

illustrating new concepts
(3 step)

Back 29

use vivid examples

Front 30

*personalizing information*
(4 step)

Back 30

present info in frame of reference familiar to audience

connect w/audience

Front 31

Comparing unknown w/familiar
(5 step)

Back 31

identifying points of comparison between audience and content

Front 32

*Utilizing multiple methods for development of speech*
(6 step)

Back 32

use variety of instructional aids (ex. visual aids) to encourage complete audience understanding

need balance of information

Front 33

common ground

Back 33

bkgd knowledge, attitudes, experiences, and philosophies shared by audience members

Front 34

personal pronouns
(A)

Back 34

we, us, our

Front 35

rhetorical questions
(B)

Back 35

invoke body language response rather than verbal response

Front 36

draw from common experiences
(C)

Back 36

present personal experiences, examples

Front 37

credibility

Back 37

confidence that audience places in truthfulness of what speaker says

Front 38

demonstrate knowledge & expertise
(A)

Back 38

directly- disclosing personal experience with topic

indirectly- delivery preparation

Front 39

trustworthiness
(B)

Back 39

extent to which audience can believe claims

Front 40

personableness
(C)

Back 40

extent to which project agreeable/pleasing personality
i.e. Bill Clinton

audience likes speaker, more likely will believe them

use eye contact & affirmative head nods

Front 41

initial audience attitudes
(A)

Back 41

take into account audience knowledge and attitude towards a topic

Front 42

audience analysis
(B)

Back 42

identify attitudes ahead of time

Front 43

6th level of adaptation

Back 43

linguistic problems

Front 44

7th level

Back 44

forming specific plan of audience adaptation

identify challenges from audience and plan how to meet them

Front 45

Elements of delivery
(4)

Back 45

*Voice*

Articulation

Bodily Action

*Eye Contact*

Front 46

Voice:
Pitch
Volume
Rate
Quality

Back 46

-scaled highness/lowness of sound of voice

- degree of loudness of tone

- speed of talk (anxiety = faster rate

-tone, timbre, or sound of voice

Front 47

Articulation:
Pronunciation
Accent

Back 47

Articulation- use of tongue, palate, teeth, jaw mvnt, & lips to shape sounds to make word

Pronuciation- form & accent of various syllables of a word

Accent- articulation, inflection, tone & speech habits of natives to area

Front 48

Bodily Action:
nonverbal communication

Back 48

Facial expressions

Gestures

Mvnt- motion of entire body

Posture- position of bearing body

Poise*

Front 49

Poise

Back 49

assurance of manner

poised speakers learned to control nerves by concentrating on audience communication rather than focus on selves

Front 50

*Eye Contact*

Back 50

directly looking

helps audience concentrate and feel confident w/speaker

Front 51

Types of Speech Delivery (3)
Impromptu
Scripted
Extemporaneous

Back 51

-delivered with sec/min notice, no notes

-read from complete manuscript, read word-for-word

-researched & planned but not scripted, simple notes used and not as lengthy preparation

Front 52

Preparing best speech notes

Back 52

contain fewest words possible written in lettering large enough to be seen @ distance

Front 53

Using visual aids

Back 53

consider audience needs

Front 54

3 goals of effective rehearsing

Back 54

-practice wording ideas for vividness

-practice doing speech

-practice w/visual aids

*audiotape

Front 55

General Criteria for eval. of speeches

Back 55

1 content is well organized

2 adapted to audience

3 delivered well