Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Which infectious disease is being seen more and more in community?
|
MRSA
|
|
|
Why must community health nurses know about infectious disease? Example?
|
To effectively participate in diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control.
Example: Malaria is on the list of infectious diseases notifiable at the national level. |
|
|
What is one of the many factors that influence the emergence of infectious diseases?
|
Globalization of food supplies and changes in food processing and packaging
|
|
|
When encountering with parasitic infections, Public Health Nurses must be knowledgeable about...
|
preventing and controlling parasitic infections.
|
|
|
When encountering with parasitic infections, Public Health Nurses need to be cognizant about ...
|
what specimens to collect, how and when to collect, and what laboratory techniques to use.
|
|
|
The best way to prevent infection in the hospital setting is...
|
HAND WASHING
|
|
|
Hand washing is a part of what precaution?
|
universal precaution
|
|
|
Hand washing is an example of what level of prevention?
|
Primary prevention
|
|
|
How does Passive Immunity occur?
|
By administration of an antibody-containing preparation (immune globulin or antiserum)
|
|
|
Give another example of Passive Community.
|
The transference of antibodies from mother to infant is another example of passive immunity.
|
|
|
What is the most common vector-borne disease in the UNITED STATES?
|
Lyme Disease
|
|
|
What is the most common vector-borne disease WORLDWIDE?
|
Malaria
|
|
|
The highest case fatality rate of any known human infection in the U. S. is caused by...
|
Rabies -- with a case fatality rate of 100% if untreated.
|
|
|
What does WEB OF CAUSATION model imply?
|
The web of causation model implies that not only are there more variables, but the variables interact resulting in higher probability of illness.
The relative risk for poor health is greater for vulnerable populations. |
|
|
In the community, nurses can work with others to...
|
promote social justice
|
|
|
Why do homeless and marginally housed people struggle with heavy demands as they try to manage daily life?
|
because their resources are limited
|
|
|
The wide variations in health services and health status between certain population groups are called....
|
Health Disparities
|
|
|
What is an approach to making health care more readily available to certain populations?
|
OUTREACH
|
|
|
A set of actions one takes on behalf of another is called...
|
AVOCACY
|
|
|
What is the primary cause of vulnerability?
|
POVERTY
|
|
|
Which population group is more likely to be affected by poverty?
|
Women are more likely to be affected by poverty than other population groups.
|
|
|
The measure of a patient’s ability to read, comprehend, and act on medical instructions is called...
|
Health literacy
|
|
|
Communities across the United States are concerned about crime and violence rates because of ...
|
significant mortality and morbidity that often results.
|
|
|
The starting point of crime and violence is ...
|
the identification of the factors that lead to violence.
|
|
|
With rape victims, what kind of care do nurses often provide?
|
- Continuous care
- Sexual assault examiners who gather forensic evidence. |
|
|
The law requires that ...
|
nurses report all cases of suspected child abuse
|
|
|
Who are the most often perpetrate homicides during an argument?
|
Friends, acquaintances, or family members
|
|
|
True or False: Suicide is more frequent among educated people than the educationally disadvantaged.
|
True
|
|
|
True or False: The greatest risk factor for suicide in adult women is spouse abuse.
|
True
|
|
|
True or False: Abusers were often beaten themselves or witnessed the beating of siblings or a parent.
|
True
|
|
|
What is Physical Neglect?
|
Failure to provide adequate food, proper clothing, shelter, hygiene, or necessary medical care.
|
|
|
What is Emotional Neglect?
|
The omission of basic nurturing, acceptance, and caring of a child.
|
|
|
Injuries to proximal parts of the body can easily be disguised by...
|
CLOTHING
|
|
|
Severity of abuse is most likely to increase over time. True or False?
|
True
|
|
|
What is Grief?
|
A response to an abusive relationship when it is over
|
|
|
By definition, at what age a person is considered to be the oldest old?
|
The oldest old is a person over 85 years of age
|
|
|
T or F: Older people can learn and perform as well as younger people?
|
True - Older people can learn and perform as well as younger people, but they may be slower and it may take them longer to accomplish a specific task.
|
|
|
One goal of nurses working with patients/clients with chronic care is...
|
to prevent complications
|
|
|
An element of abuse?
|
Theft or mismanagement of money or resources
|
|
|
What is the most common chronic condition experienced by older women?
|
Arthritis
|
|
|
Definition of Dementia
|
Slow, progressive intellectual impairment
|
|
|
Definition of Delirium
|
An acute onset of confusion
|
|
|
Durable power of attorney ...
|
Durable power of attorney is the legal way for a client to designate someone else to make health care decisions when he or she is unable to do so.
Female spouses primarily provide Caregiving for elders. |
|
|
Example of a program for all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE), which follows a model that keeps individuals in the community as long as medically, socially, and financially possible.
|
On-Lok
|
|
|
How does the Social Security Administration define a disabled person?
|
By definition, the Social Security Administration defines a disabled person as a person unable to engage in substantial, gainful activity by reason of medically determinable physical or mental impairment.
|
|
|
What is the correct way to address someone with a disability?
|
address -- “a person with”…. and not label a person according to their disability.
|
|
|
What are the two leading causes of severe disability?
|
Brain injuries and spinal cord injuries
|
|
|
Most men, women, and children of all ages, races, and ethnicities will experience disability at some time during their life. True or False?
|
True
|
|
|
As a person ages, the likelihood of developing a disability increases. True or False?
|
True
|
|
|
Who would like to improve the health and wellness of persons with disabilities?
|
The Surgeon General
|
|
|
People who are disabled and live in poverty are less likely to have the resources to provide for their own special needs. True or False?
|
True
|
|
|
The most common type of reported abuse is care related BECAUSE...
|
- Disabled persons are more dependent on others for basic care.
- Difficulty in securing medical care - Limited treatment and care offered by Western medicine - Cost of conventional medicine |
|
|
What does Health people 2010 (and 2020) focus on?
|
Health people 2010 (and 2020) have a specific focus on:
- Health promotion - General well being of children and adults with disabilities across the life span. |
|
|
Definition of Impairment
|
Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function
|
|
|
Definition of Dual Diagnosis
|
A substance abuse disorder concurrent with a mental illness disorder
|
|
|
What is Development Stifling?
|
Development stifling is the term used to describe what happens when a parent perceives a child as being especially vulnerable and accesses professional care by describing the child’s behaviors and developmental level as more problematic than they are.
|
|
|
Developmental disabilities start at what age?
|
Before age 22.
|
|
|
What is the most common disability found in the United States in persons 18 years and over?
|
Arthritis
|
|
|
Who are the most often caregivers in families with a child with a disability?
|
Mothers
|
|
|
What is Primary Prevention?
|
Primary prevention refers to those interventions aimed at preventing the occurrence of disease, injury or disability.
|
|
|
Nurse Roles?
|
- Avocate
- Referral agent - Coordinator |
|
|
What is the role of an advocate?
|
Speaking on behalf of others who are unable to speak for themselves
|
|
|
What is the role of a referral agent?
|
Directing clients to the resources that can meet their needs
|
|
|
What is the role of a coordinator?
|
Arranging for families to see social workers on the same day that they bring children to be followed up in a pediatric cardiology clinic
|
|
|
The health promotion requirements of physically compromised clients include...
|
- The need for information
- Counseling to ensure primary prevention of other health problems. |
|
|
The relative risk for poor health is greater for vulnerable populations. True or False?
|
True!
|
|
|
In web of causation model, multiple risk factors include...
|
- Substance abusers
- HIV & Hep B - Homelessness |
|
|
What is the trend of care when treating vulnerable population groups?
|
Promoting more comprehensive & family-centered services
|
|
|
What is One-stop service?
|
One-stop service refers to: Proving multiple services during a single clinic visit makes services more responsive to the combined effects of social and economic stressors
|
|
|
Definition of Social justice
|
Social justice refers to providing humane care and social support for the most disadvantaged members of society.
|
|
|
How can nurses promote social justice?
|
Nurses can work with others to promote social justice.
|
|
|
Definition of Vulnerability
|
Vulnerability is multidimensional in that several factors contribute to it. Vulnerability is dynamic and can be counteracted by acquiring resources.
|
|
|
Definition of Resilience
|
Resilience includes the ability to recover from problems and the possession of a sense of inner strength.
|
|
|
Access to health care may be more limited for low socioeconomic groups. T or F?
|
True
|
|
|
What are Barriers to access? Example?
|
Barriers to access are policies and financial, geographical, or cultural features of health care that make services difficult to obtain or so unappealing that people do not wish to seek health care.
An example of the removal of a barrier to health care is providing a mobile van staffed by nurse practitioners to provide services for a rural population. |
|
|
Extreme poverty in the form of homelessness affects women, children, and minorities more often than others. True or False?
|
True!
|
|
|
When planning and implementing care for vulnerable populations, nurses may fill numerous roles. Example of roles of nurses?
|
Teaching vulnerable individuals, families, and groups, strategies to prevent illness and promote health
|
|
|
Vulnerable population groups are more sensitive to risk factors and have worse health outcomes. Example of combination of risk factors?
|
A poor, elderly woman with no means of transportation has a combination of risk factors.
|
|
|
Definition of differential vulnerability hypothesis
|
The differential vulnerability hypothesis refers to the possession of and/or an increased susceptibility to multiple cumulative risk factors in vulnerable groups.
|
|
|
Why Priority population groups are those targeted by national governments for special emphasis in health care goals?
|
Priority population groups are those targeted by national governments for special emphasis in health care goals because they have particularly poor health status. Residents of remote rural areas of Canada are an example.
|
|
|
What is health disparity?
|
The wide variations in health services and health status between certain population groups are called health disparities. An example of a health disparity is childhood immunization rates.
There are social conditions that lead to health disparities. High dropout rates, unemployment, and income below poverty level are examples of social conditions that may lead to health disparities. |
|
|
Example of Outreach
|
An approach to making health care more readily available to certain populations by implementing health education, counseling, or support services in places where people normally congregate (such as places of worship, schools, workplaces, and community centers) is called outreach.
|
|
|
What is Social Security Act?
|
Social Security Act is the largest federal support program created for elderly and poor Americans. This act sought direct payments to eligible individuals to ensure a minimum level of support for people at risk of problems from inadequate financial resources.
|
|
|
What is the fuction of Community Mental Health Centers Act?
|
The Community Mental Health Centers Act led to deinstitutionalization, but community supports were not adequate due to the problems of insufficient community mental health services.
|
|
|
The primary cause of vulnerability is ...
|
poverty
|
|
|
. Persons who are self-employed but have inadequate health insurance are considered...
|
medically indigent
Women are more likely to be affected by poverty than other population groups. |
|
|
True or False:
Younger teens are more likely to have low–birth weight or premature children, especially teens under age 14 years. |
True!
|
|
|
Younger teens are more likely to have low–birth weight or premature children, especially ...
|
teens under age 14 years.
|
|
|
What is the purpose of a nurse who works with a group of abused women?
|
A nurse works with a group of abused women to enhance their levels of self-esteem.
This is an example of tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention includes those interventions aimed at disability limitation and rehabilitation from disease, injury, or disability. |
|
|
Vulnerable individuals often have...
|
multiple risk factors.
Example: A 17-year-old pregnant cocaine addict who is homeless is an example of a vulnerable individual given the multiple risk factors present. |
|
|
What does community health nursing concern?
|
Violence -- This concern is related to the fact that communities across the United States are concerned about crime and violence rates because of significant mortality and morbidity that often results.
|
|
|
Is violent behavior predictable and preventable?
|
Yes! --> especially with community action
|
|
|
The starting point for the development of community programs to prevent violence is ...
|
Identifying poverty, urban crowding, and racial inequality as factors that lead to violence.
|
|
|
What is an expectation of mainstream American society?
|
Productive and paid work
|
|
|
. Work can be frustrating and unfulfilling. This may lead to stress. T or F?
|
True
|
|
|
Unemployment is also associated with violence within and outside the home. True or False?
|
True
|
|
|
What should nurses give to victims of rape?
|
Privacy
Respect Assurance of confidentiality |
|
|
What role can nurses play in the process in working with rape survivors?
|
- provide continuous care
- be a sexual assault examiner who gather forensic evidence |
|
|
It is required by law that nurses report all cases of suspected child abuse. T or F?
|
True!
|
|
|
A community health nurse visits a home and notices multiple bruises on a 4-year-old child. The mother reports that her husband is an alcoholic and is currently sleeping. What action should the nurse take?
|
The nurse must report the case of suspected child abuse to authorities.
|
|
|
What is a form of family violence that is becoming more apparent?
|
Elder abuse (Many cases go unreported)
|
|
|
A nurse makes a home visit to a frail elderly person’s home. Adult maltreatment would be suspected if there is ....
|
A lot of uneaten food in the house that was provided by a relative who comes and goes.
Older adults can be abused with regard to nutrition. --- This includes food that cannot be swallowed or is contraindicated because of dietary restrictions. |
|
|
Both individual and familial factors related to violence must be assessed within what context?
|
context of the larger community
|
|
|
What is the community characteristic for violence?
|
High crime rate
|
|
|
Violence in the prison population is common. Especially what kind of violence?
|
especially sexual assault
|
|
|
What should nurses do when encountering with violence in prison population, especially sexual assault?
|
Nurses must be aware of the complex histories of the prison population.
The majority of women who experience violence in prison have a history of experiencing multiple types of abuse as a child and as an adult. For many women, the level of safety in prison is higher than it was for them before imprisonment. |
|
|
What population group has the highest rate of violence?
|
Young, minority men
|
|
|
The number one cause of death among African Americans is...
|
Homicide - Homicides are usually perpetrated by friends, acquaintances, and/or family members during an argument.
|
|
|
When are critical times for rapes?
|
Weekends
|
|
|
Suicide is more frequent among educated people than the educationally disadvantaged. T or F?
|
True
|
|
|
The greatest risk factor for suicide in adult women is ...
|
spouse abuse
|
|
|
The factor that is more predictive of abusive behavior is ...
|
previous exposure to violence
|
|
|
Abusers were often beaten themselves or witnessed the beating of siblings or a parent.
When child abuse is present, the family needs intervention for... |
ineffective family functioning
|
|
|
Physical neglect is associated with ...
|
extreme poverty
|
|
|
Injuries characteristic of domestic abuse are typically located on...
|
the proximal parts of the body. -- can be disguised by clothing
|
|
|
Abuse before pregnancy is the most important risk factor for ---
|
physical battery during pregnancy
|
|
|
When the nurse helps the community take a stand against violence and advocates for elected officials and local media to make nonviolence a priority, the nurse is engaged in what level of prevention?
|
primary level of prevention
|
|
|
Placing an injured victim in a safe location after being abused is what level of prevention?
|
Secondary prevention
Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt treatment of disease, injury, or disability. |
|
|
An important component of tertiary prevention is ---
|
Making referrals
Nurses should know about available community resources for abuse victims and perpetrators. |
|
|
What is Clinical forensic nursing?
|
Clinical forensic nursing is the application of clinical and scientific knowledge to questions of law and the civil or criminal investigation of survivors of traumatic injury and/or patient treatment involving court-related issues.
|
|
|
Risk factors for child abuse include ...
|
Unemployed parents
No support network Parents not knowledgeable about child development A mother who is scared of her partner |
|
|
Why Children are often abused?
|
because they are small and relatively powerless
|
