Community Health Stuff

Front 1

How are hospitals paid vs how are physicians paid?

Back 1

Medicare A pays for hospitals. Blue Cross pays for hospitals.
Medicare B pays for physicians. Blue Shield pays for physicians.

Front 2

What is a crossover study

Back 2

each patient serves as his own control

Front 3

What is an equivalence trial

Back 3

you are testing to see if drug A is as effective as drug B

Front 4

Relative risk

Back 4

Relative risk is the increased likelihood of having a problem, developing a disease, whatever,
given that you have a marker for doing so. Relative risk can be described as the probability of developing the
disease given that you have a true positive marker for that disease divided by the probability of developing that
disease given that you have a true negative marker.

Front 5

what is the difference between a risk and a hazard?

Back 5

A risk
is something that you may not be able to modify. A
hazard, on the other hand, is something that you may or may not assume if you know what the associated risks are.

Front 6

odds ratio.

Back 6

It is the
probability of developing a disease or having a problem given a true marker for it divided by the relative hazard
associated with that.

Front 7

excess risk

Back 7

probability of the disease given you have a true positive MINUS (not divided by) the
probability of getting a disease given you do not have a marker for that particular problem. So maybe there is a
basal infection rate in the population 1% but if you have a documented history of handling wild bird you have a 6%
likelihood of getting ornithosis versus 1% just because the feces aerosolized and blew into your bedroom window,
there is a 5% excess risk that attaches to handling birds.

Front 8

Attributable risk

Back 8

The attributable risk is the probability of developing the disease minus the probability of developing the
disease given that you have a true negative divided by the overall probability of developing the disease. Or the
probability of developing the disease minus the ratio of the probability of developing the disease with a true
negative divide by the global probability. This

Front 9

Case mortality rate

Back 9

Case mortality rate is nothing more than the fraction of exposed
individuals who develop the disease, that will go on to die from the disease

Front 10

Virulence

Back 10

Virulence is a measure of how much innoculum of something it takes to produce a self sustaining infection.

Front 11

When is Chi squared used?

Back 11

is used when you are trying to compare expected frequencies
against observed frequencies.

Front 12

What kind of data is used in parametric tests as opposed to non-parametric tests?

Back 12

paratric tests used measurements i.e. numbers
non-parametric tests use ranks or frequencies

Front 13

A U test works on?

Back 13

ranks

Front 14

A T-test works on ?

Back 14

meausrements

Front 15

A Chi-squared test uses?

Back 15

frequencies

Front 16

auto-correlation

Back 16

when two variables tend to go down or up together

Front 17

Z-Scores

Back 17

the number of standard deviations between any score and the mean.

Front 18

Universal/ standard precautions

Back 18

Universal/ standard precautions dictates that all people are treated the same, that is, to assume that they have blood
borne pathogens

Front 19

ASEPSIS:

Back 19

the practice of rendering the environment free from disease producing pathogens

Front 20

Sterile:

Back 20

Completely free from living organisms, including spores.

Front 21

autoclave: time, pressure, temp

Back 21

Time 30 minutes
Pressure 17-20 lbs
Temperature 250

Front 22

crown and cutter scissors is used for?

Back 22

remove sesamoid

Front 23

Mayo scissors is used for?

Back 23

only for cutting sutures

Front 24

rongeur used for?

Back 24

smooth sharp ends of bone

Front 25

allis instrument

Back 25

for grasping bone

Front 26

what is the kocher used for

Back 26

grasping bone

Front 27

sayer elevator is used for

Back 27

elevating large bones