Community Health Final Exam 3

Front 1

addiction

Back 1

compulsive use patterns and the onset of withdrawal symptoms when substance use is abruptly stopped.

Front 2

dual diagnosis

Back 2

condition involving persons with one or more psychiatric diagnoses in addition to a substance abuse problem.

Front 3

harm reduction

Back 3

individual and collective approaches to addressing substance use problems that are not primarily aimed at complete abstinence from all substances. Harm reduction uses incremental change to eliminate the harmful effects of substance use through behavior and policy modifications.

Front 4

initiation

Back 4

period of socially mediated use of alcohol or drugs.

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intervention

Back 5

any act performed to prevent harming of a patient or to improve the mental, emotional, or physical function of a patient.

Front 6

mutual help groups

Back 6

associations that are voluntarily formed, are not professionally dominated, and operate through face-to-face supportive interaction focusing on a mutual goal.

Front 7

professional enablers

Back 7

health care professionals that contribute to the initiation and continuation of substance abuse and dependency (ex., prescribing psychoactive medications).

Front 8

social consequences

Back 8

the effects that substance abuse have on an individual's role in society. These can include a life involving crime, the need for money to buy substances, and specific theft of drugs.

Front 9

substance abuse

Back 9

the use of psychoactive substances or alcohol for a purpose not consistent with legal or medical guidelines.

Front 10

war on drugs

Back 10

the high emphasis federal drug policy has placed on law enforcement and interdiction to combat concerns of physical, social, and psychological impacts of drug abuse and dependence.

Front 11

date rape drugs

Back 11

used to reduce inhibitions and promote anesthesia or amnesia in the victim. Examples are gamma y-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and Rohypnol.

Front 12

dating violence

Back 12

refers to abusive, controlling, or aggressive behavior in an intimate relationship that can take the form of emotional, verbal, physical, or sexual abuse.

Front 13

elder abuse

Back 13

a reportable offense of physical, psychological, or material abuse, as well as violation of the rights of safety, security, and adequate health care of older adults.

Front 14

emotional abuse

Back 14

willfully inflicting on a child unjustifiable mental suffering that may damage a child's self-worth or emotional well-being

Front 15

emotional neglect

Back 15

the failure to nurture a child in developmentally appropriate ways. Some examples of emotional neglect would be failure to cuddle or physically stimulate a newborn, failure to give positive feedback, failure to pay attention to the overall emotional needs of a child, or deliberate withholding of affection.

Front 16

hate crimes

Back 16

crimes based on an individual's race, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, ethnic background, or national origin.

Front 17

intentional injuries

Back 17

term used in public health to refer to injuries from violence.

Front 18

interpersonal violence

Back 18

violence that affects only one or two individuals.

Front 19

intimate partner violence (IPV)

Back 19

the intentional emotional or physical abuse by a spouse or ex-spouse, boyfriend or girlfriend, ex-boyfriend or ex-girlfriend, or date.

Front 20

physical abuse

Back 20

an intentional injury inflicted on a child by another person and accounts for 16% of child abuse cases.

Front 21

physical neglect

Back 21

negligent treatment or maltreatment of a child by a person responsible for the child's welfare; the most common form of child abuse.

Front 22

prison violence

Back 22

violence in which inmates are both victims and perpetrators of violence.

Front 23

sexual abuse

Back 23

any sexual activity between an adult and a child, including use of a child for sexual exploitation, prostitution, or pornography.

Front 24

shaken baby syndrome

Back 24

violent shaking of an infant, which causes trauma at the brain stem–spinal cord junction.

Front 25

stalking

Back 25

a pattern of repeated and unwanted attention, contact, harassment, or any type of conduct directed at a person that instills fear.

Front 26

terrorism

Back 26

the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to instill fear; intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.

Front 27

violence

Back 27

the intentional use of physical force against another person or against oneself, which either results, or has a high likelihood of resulting, in injury or death.

Front 28

workplace violence

Back 28

violence in the workplace that includes physical assaults such as rape and homicide, muggings, and verbal and written threats.

Front 29

youth-related violence

Back 29

violence involving children, adolescents, or teenagers.

Front 30

American Red Cross

Back 30

a national organization founded in 1881 through the efforts of Clara Barton that seeks to reduce human suffering through various health, safety, and disaster-relief programs in affiliation with the International Committee of the Red Cross.

Front 31

direct victim

Back 31

an individual who is immediately affected by a disaster.

Front 32

disaster

Back 32

any event that causes a level of destruction, death, or injury that affects the abilities of the community to respond to the incident using available resources.

Front 33

disaster triage

Back 33

establishing priorities of patient care for urgent treatment while allocating scarce resources. The focus of disaster triage is to do as little as possible, for the greatest number, in the shortest period of time.

Front 34

displaced persons

Back 34

individuals that have to evacuate their home, school, or business as a result of a disaster.

Front 35

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Back 35

agency whose mission is to lead the efforts to prepare the nation for all hazards and to manage the federal response and recovery efforts following a national incident. FEMA also initiates proactive mitigation activities, trains first responders, and manages the National Flood Insurance Program and the U.S. Fire Administration.

Front 36

first responders

Back 36

first personnel at a disaster and/or emergency site responsible for incident management at the local level.

Front 37

frequency

Back 37

refers to how often a disaster occurs.

Front 38

imminence

Back 38

the speed of onset of an impending disaster; relates to the extent of forewarning possible and the anticipated duration of the incident.

Front 39

indirect victim

Back 39

an individual who is not immediately affected by the event; this person may be a family member or friend of the victim or a first responder.

Front 40

mass casualty

Back 40

an event that causes injuries to more than 100 people who require emergency health care in the same period of time.

Front 41

multiple casualty

Back 41

an event that causes injuries to more than 2 people but fewer than 100 people who require emergency health care in the same period of time.

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NA-TECH (natural-technological) disaster

Back 42

a natural disaster that creates or results in a widespread technological problem.

Front 43

National Incident Management System

Back 43

provides a systematic, proactive approach for all levels of government and nongovernmental agencies to work seamlessly to prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from, and prevent the effects of disasters.

Front 44

Office of Emergency Management

Back 44

agency that involves representatives from all official and unofficial agencies in developing the community disaster plan, developing scenarios to test the plan through drills, and assessing the scope, intensity, and number of casualties (once an incident has occurred) in order to initiate the proper response.

Front 45

predictability

Back 45

relates to the ability to tell when and if a disaster event will occur.

Front 46

preventability

Back 46

actions taken to avoid a disaster.

Front 47

refugee

Back 47

person who has fled their home or even their country as a result of famine, drought, natural disaster, war, or civil unrest.

Front 48

resource map

Back 48

a geographical map that outlines the resources that would be available in or near the area affected by a potential disaster (e.g., potential shelter sites, potential medical sources, and location of equipment that might be needed).

Front 49

risk map

Back 49

a geographical map of an area that is analyzed for the impact of a potential disaster on the population and buildings in the area that would be involved (e.g., an area in a flood plain; an area covered if a nuclear explosion would occur; an area involved in an explosion of an industrial site).

Front 50

shelter in place

Back 50

taking immediate shelter in any location upon the onset of a disaster.

Front 51

terrorism

Back 51

the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to instill fear; intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.

Front 52

U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Back 52

a department of the executive branch established in March 2003 to realign existing incident-management agencies, groups, and organizations into a single department, which is designed to protect citizens from terrorist threats or attacks, including bioterrorism.

Front 53

weapons of mass destruction

Back 53

refer to any weapon that is designed or intended to cause death or serious bodily injury through release, dissemination, or impact of toxic or poisonous chemicals, or their precursors; any weapon involving a disease organism; or any weapon that is designed to release radiation or radioactivity at a level dangerous to human life.

Front 54

Ada Mayo Stewart

Back 54

hired by the Vermont Marble Company in 1895 to care for workers and their families; considered the first industrial nurse.

Front 55

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Back 55

law passed in 1990 that provided a mandate against discrimination toward people with disabilities.

Front 56

disability syndrome

Back 56

a state in which an individual chooses not to work when medical clearance to do so has been granted.

Front 57

ergonomics

Back 57

a type of occupational health science that focuses on worker capabilities and minimizing limitations.

Front 58

industrial hygiene

Back 58

occupational health science used to identify and evaluate workplace hazards so control mechanisms can be implemented for exposure reduction.

Front 59

occupational health nursing

Back 59

a component of public health nursing, defined by the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses as the specialty practice that focuses on the promotion, prevention, and restoration of health within the context of a safe and healthy environment. It includes the prevention of adverse health effects from occupational and environmental hazards. It provides for and delivers occupational and environmental health and safety programs and services to clients.

Front 60

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Back 60

the federal agency that is in charge of the occupational health of the nation's workers.

Front 61

safety

Back 61

occupational health science used to identify and control workplace injuries through active safeguards and worker training and education programs about job safety.

Front 62

toxicology

Back 62

occupational health science that recognizes routes of exposure, examines relationships between chemical exposures in the workplace and acute and latent health effects (such as burns or cancer), and is used to understand dose-response relationships.

Front 63

Workers' Compensation Acts

Back 63

state-mandated and state-funded programs that provide income replacement and health care to workers who sustain a work-related injury, temporary or permanent disability, or death.