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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rural settings |
it is generally defined in terms of either the geographic location & population density, or the distance from (eg. 40km) or time needed to commute to (eg. 30min) an urban centre
approximately 1/5 of the Canadian population resides in rural settings |
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Rural Facts |
- appr. 95% of Canadian land mass (9.5 million square km) is rural/ remote -stats. Can. designates "rural & small town" as individuals in towns or municipalities outside the commuting zone of larger urban centres -19% of Canadians are rural & live in communit. with populations of less than 10.000 people -some rural RN described dual role of being a friend & professional with clients as a challenge |
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Rural economies |
Natural resource based -farming, fishing -mining, oil expolration -forestry
Tourism -changes in the local economy often influenced by global markets |
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Rural poverty |
- often dependent on a limited range of evonomicopportunities; boom or bust cycles may lead to a decreased opportunity to find employment
- exacerbated by declining populations; limited resources; need to travel; increased cost of services in rural areas |
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Out migration from rural communities |
-rural communities close to large urban centres (bedroom communities)- population INCREASING
-more distant rural communities, experiencing out migration of all age groups
-youth migration has accelerated |
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Health status & determinants among rural Canadians |
- higher proportions of people with lower income & less secondary education - strong sense of community -higher % of rural residents reported smoking, higher prevalence of obesity -less time spent in leisure -time physical activity -life expectancy at birth higher in urban areas -higher death rates from circulatory diseases, injuries, respiratory disorders & suicide -lower incidence of most cancers |
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Health risks |
-being overweight or obese - higher rates of smoking -higher prevalence of heart disease - higher than likelihood of mental illness (especially depression) -higher than average incidence of hypertension and arthritis |
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Rural from urban
health data differences |
-MVA injuries-2-3 times higher -farmers, fisherman, loggers- higher hazards -residents<20 y.o. highest risk of death by suicide -Cancer rurally lower (men & women) -cervical Ca. higher in some areas (mortality) -circulatory higher in men (mortality) -Res. diseases higher in men (mortality) |
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Barriers to Health Care |
1. Availability ( allocate personel wisely) 2. Accessibility (lack of existing health care services, and lack of the necessary personel to provide those services) 3. Affordability (services may not come at a reasonable cost, or a family may have insufficient resources to purchase them) 4. Acceptability ( a service may be inappropriate or offered in a manner not corresponding with values of the target population) |
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Barriers to Health Care in Rural Areas |
-travel great distances to obtain services -lack of personal transportation -unavailable public transportation -unavailable outreach services -unpredictable weather & travel conditions |
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Remember |
CHN need to have an accurate understanding of rural clients in order to design community health programs that are available, accessible, & appropriate |
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Remote Nursing |
Nursing practice in remote communities is highly complex, with unique challenges created by isolation, geography & cultural dynamics |
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First Nations & Inuit Health Branch |
-non-isolated community: incl. comm. with road access less than 90 km to physician services -semi-isolated community: incl. comm. with road access greater than 90 km to physician serv. -isolated community: good telephone service, scheduled air flights but no roads -remote, isolated community: no scheduled flights, minimal telephone or radio access & no roads |
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Remote "outpost" nursing |
- majority of nurses employed by provincial, territorial or federal gov. or by Aboriginal, self governing communities -the context of nursing practice (not just geographic location) explains the challenges of remote nursing practice |
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CHN Education & Qualities |
- BN,or NP -CPR, PALS, ALS, ITLS, TNCC (outpost) -acute care experience -flexible, adaptable, calm nature -learn to listen-listen to learn -know your limitations & admit it -suspend assumptions, judgments -avoid offering advice or solutions prematurely |
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Challenges: Remote Nurses Experience |
Extremely challenging role -provide primary care & public health nursing -across the lifespan -health promotion, illness prevention, treatment of injury & illness: emergency evacuation Are on call or working 24/7 -more intrusive on your life than a job down south Personal & professional isolation |
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Challenges in Rural CHN part 1 |
-autonomous practice with minimal support -complex & variable situations -limited # of clinical support resources -limited # of community support resources -increased demand to function in an expanded role -difficulty separating personal & professional role -fewer nurses per capita -recruitment & retention challenges due to isolation & lack of amenities -limited opportunities for professional development |
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Challenges in Rural CHN part 2 |
-boundaries between home & work may blur because they may personally know many, if not all clients- may never feel "off duty" -expectation that CHN will know something about everything (demending) -heavy workloads -professional isolation -limited opportunities for continuing education |
