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207 Cards in this Set
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Case management |
a term that describes a wide variety of patient care coordination programs in acute hospital and community settings. applies to community health settings that include patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs), occupational health, geriatric services, ambulatory care clinics, mental health settings, and outpatient primary care settings |
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Care management |
consists of programs that apply systems, science, incentives, and information to improve medical practice and to allow clients and their support systems to participate in a collaborative process with a goal of improving medical, social, and mental health conditions more effectively |
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Care coordination programs |
are thosethat target chronically ill persons at risk for adverse outcomes and expensive care and that meet their needs by filling the gaps in health care. |
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continuum of care |
describe the long-term services required for discharged psychiatric patients. Service coordination evolved into case management, a term that first appeared in social welfare literature |
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patient-centered medical home |
is a recent model of care developed to provide collaborative, quality-driven, safe primary care. The PCMH utilizes care coordination and case management processes to provide comprehensive, patient-centered, cost-effective, quality care |
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Client-centered case management |
helps the client or patient proceed through a complex, fragmented, and often confusing health care delivery system and achieves specific client-centered goals |
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System-centered case management |
recognizes that health care resources are finite. The upward spiral in health care costs leads third-party payers such as Medicare, managed care organizations, and insurance companies to demand cost-effective health care |
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Utilization review (UR), |
as defined by CMSA, consists of the evaluation of medical appropriateness or medical necessity of care. This review ensures that patients receive the “right care at the right time” to improve clinical outcomes and lower costs |
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Depending on the services provided in the public health settingthe nurse has an opportunity to |
provide education, screening, and referrals as needed to the clients served |
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Community health nurses who work in occupational health settings are in a position to provide |
primary prevention in health education classes designed to meet the needs of the employees. |
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The community health nurse who interacts with clients with chronic diseases can be instrumental in |
monitoring the client in the community, monitoring medication management, assessing clients to identify problems early, and intervening with physicians to modify therapy |
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The community health nurse working in home health or hospice services is often |
assigned a case load of clients for whom he or she provides case management services. In both of these settings, the nurse case manager provides primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention to clients |
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Florence Nightingale |
was the first nurse to exert political pressure on a government. She transformed military health and knew the value of data in influencing policy. She was a leader who knew how to use the support of followers, colleagues, and policy makers |
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Sojourner Truth |
became an ardent and eloquent advocate for abolishing slavery and supporting women’s rights. Her work helped transform the racist and sexist policies that limited the health and well-being of African Americans and women. She fought for human rights and lobbied for federal funds to train nurses and physicians |
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Clara Barton |
was responsible for organizing relief efforts during the U.S. Civil War. In 1882, she successfully persuaded Congress to ratify the Treaty of Geneva, which allowed the Red Cross to perform humanitarian efforts in times of peace. |
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Lavinia Dock |
She waged a campaign for legislation to allow nurses to control the nursing profession instead of physicians. |
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Lillian Wald |
political activism and vision were shaped by feminist valuesShe was a driving force behind the federal government’s development of the Children’s Bureau in 1912. Wald appeared frequently at the White House to participate in the development of national and international policy |
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Mary Breckenridge |
worked to develop nursing in rural Kentucky in the 1920s, establishing the Frontier Nursing Service. |
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Dr. Ruth Watson Lubic |
is a nurse-midwife who crusaded for freestanding birth centers in this country. |
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Policy |
“a definite course or method of action selected from among alternatives and in light of given conditions to guide and determine present and future decisions” |
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Public policy |
denotes precepts and standards formed by governmental bodies that are of fundamental concern to the state and the whole of the general public |
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Health policy |
is a statement of a decision regarding a goal in health care and a plan for achieving that goal. For example, to prevent an epidemic, a program for inoculating a population is developed and implemented, and priorities and values underlying health resource allocation are determined. |
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Nursing policy |
specifies nursing leadership that influences and shapes health policy and nursing practice. Nursing, and therefore nursing leadership, is shaped dramatically by the impact of politics and policy. Effective nursing leadership is a vehicle through which both nursing practice and health policy can be influenced and shaped |
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Institutional policies |
are rules that govern worksites and identify the institution’s goals, operation, and treatment of employees. |
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Organizational policies |
are rules that govern organizations and their positions on issues with which the organization is concerned |
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Social policy |
is policy associated with individuals and communities. In very general terms, social policy can be defined as the branch of public policy that advances social welfare and enhances participation in society |
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Common law |
The Supreme Court decision in Roe v Wade, making first-trimester abortion legal, is an example of how common law becomes enforceable. |
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Regulation |
Reporting of communicable diseases to state and local health departments, which then report them to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
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Administrative agencies |
are departments of the executive branch with the authority to implement or administer particular legislation. |
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Laws |
are rules of conduct or procedure; they result from a combination of legislation, judicial decisions, constitutional decisions, and administrative actions. |
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Public health law |
focuses on legal issues in public health practice and on the public health effects of legal practice. Public health law typically has three major areas of practice: police power, disease and injury prevention, and the law of populations |
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Statutes |
are any laws passed by a legislative body at the federal, state, or local level. |
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Organizations |
are associations that set and enforce standards in a particular area; a group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to accomplish a purpose. |
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professional association (also called a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) |
is a nonprofit organization seeking to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals engaged in that profession, and the public interest |
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Government |
is the structure of principles and rules determining how a state, country, or organization is regulated. |
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Sovereign power |
is the independent and supreme authority of the nation or state |
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Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906 |
established a program to supervise and control the manufacture, labeling, and sale of food. Subsequent legislation included meat and dairy products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, toys, and household products |
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Children’s Bureau Act of 1912 |
was founded to protect children from the unhealthy child labor practices of the time and to enact programs that had a positive effect on children’s health |
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Social Security Act of 1935 and its amendments (1965, 1972) |
provides welfare for high-risk mothers and children. Benefits were later expanded to include health care provisions for older adults and the handicapped. This major governmental action was the enactment of legislation for Medicare and Medicaid. |
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Medicare, Title XVIII Social Security Amendment (1965) |
This federal program, administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services pays specified health care services for all people 65 years of age and older who are eligible to receive Social Security benefits. People with permanent disabilities and those with end-stage renal disease are also covered. |
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Medicaid, Title XIX Social Security Amendment (1965) |
federal and state program provides access to care for the poor and medically needy of all ages. Each state is allocated federal dollars on a matching basis |
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Public Health Act of 1944 |
consolidated all existing public health legislation into one law. Since then, many new pieces of legislation have become amendments. Some of its provisions, either in the original law or in amendments |
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McCarren-Ferguson Act of 1945 |
No federal government agency is solely responsible for monitoring insurance, as this supervision is in the hands of state governments. Some federal agencies are involved in insurance reimbursement; however, the structure of the benefit program for federal employees and military personnel, Medicare, and Medicaid allows Congress to pass laws that can override state health insurance laws if the laws do not meet certain criteria. |
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Hill-Burton Act of 1946 |
authorized federal assistance in the construction of hospitals and health centers with stipulations about services for the uninsured. As a result, hospitals with obligations to care for the uninsured were built in towns and cities across the United States. |
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Health Amendments Act of 1956 |
uthorizes funds to aid registered nurses (RNs) in full-time study of administration, supervision, or teaching. |
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Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 |
focuses on the health needs and risks in the workplace and environment |
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Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) Act of 1973 |
employers offer federally qualified HMOs as a health care coverage option to employees and established that states were responsible for the oversight of HMOs |
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Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 |
was the most significant law in 40 years for senior health care. After being implemented in January 2006, the law provided seniors and people living with disabilities with some prescription drug benefit coverage, more choices, and better benefits. |
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coalition |
When two or more groups join to maximize resources, increasing their influence and improving their chances of success in achieving a common goal |
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community health center |
developed through federal funds in the 1960s, addresses broader inputs into health such as education and housing |
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Public health refers to |
the efforts organized by society to protect, promote, and restore the people’s health. |
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Community health services include |
control of communicable disease such as surveillance and immunizations, maternal-child health programs, nutrition services, and education. Health promotion education is directed toward changing behavior; individuals are encouraged to eat healthy foods, exercise more, and decrease their use of tobacco, drugs, and alcohol |
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Environmental health services include |
food hygiene such as inspection of food-producing and food-processing plants and restaurants; protection from hazardous substances; control of waste, air, noise, and water pollution; and occupational health. |
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Personal health services provide |
care to individuals and families in clinics, schools, and prisons. In many areas, home health care services are provided through the LHD. |
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Mental health services are provided |
through LHDs in many communities. These services are supported by funds offered by local and regional mental health and mental retardation facilities and programs |
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Quality care |
has been a concern of consumers and providers for many years, and continues to be the most important concern. Quality care is a difficult concept to define and more difficult to measure |
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Accreditation |
is one means to assess the quality of services and care of the organization. Specific minimum standards must be met by an organization to obtain |
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Managed care |
refers to any method of health care delivery designed to reduce unnecessary use of services, improve cost containment or cost-effectiveness, and ensure high-quality care |
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telehealth |
clients can receive care via technology, such as computer, video, or interactive television |
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Client rights |
are now an important health care issue that individual states and the federal government have been addressing through legislation |
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Carve-out service |
A service (e.g., mental health care) provided within a standard benefit package, but delivered exclusively by a designated provider or group |
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Coinsurance |
Cost sharing required by a health plan whereby the individual is responsible for a set percentage of the charge for each service. |
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Flexible spending account (FSA) |
A mechanism by which an employee may pay for uncovered health care expenses through payroll deductions. |
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Gatekeeper |
Person in a managed care organization who decides whether a patient will be referred for specialty care. Doctors, nurses, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants function as gatekeepers. |
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Health maintenance organization (HMO) |
A managed care plan that acts as an insurer and sometimes a provider for a fixed prepaid premium. usually employ physicians. |
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Health plan |
An insurance plan that pays a predetermined amount for covered health services. |
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Indemnity plan |
A health plan that pays covered services on a fee-for-service basis. |
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Managed care plan |
A health plan that uses financial incentives to encourage enrollees to use selected providers who have contracted with the plan |
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Medicaid |
Joint federal- and state-funded programs that provide health care services for low-income people |
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Medicare |
A health insurance program for people who are older than 65 years of age, are disabled, or have end-stage renal disease |
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Medicare Advantage |
Part of Medicare by which recipients may choose to enroll in a coordinated care plan, private fee-for-service, or medical savings account plan created by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 |
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Medigap insurance |
Privately purchased individual or group health insurance plan designed to supplement Medicare coverage. |
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Portability |
The guarantee that an individual changing jobs continues to receive health care coverage with the new employer without a waiting period or having to meet additional deductible requirements. |
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Preferred provider organization (PPO) |
A health plan that contracts with providers to furnish services to the enrollees of the plan. Usually no insurance copayment is required. |
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Medicare is a federal entitlement program that is |
totally funded by the federal government. This program is intended to help cover the costs of health care for people 65 years of age and older and people who are disabled or have end-stage renal disease |
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Medicare Part A |
must pay adeductible for health services inpatient hospital care in a benefit period. |
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Medicare Part B |
is medical insurance that helps pay for out-of-pocket costs related to physician services, hospital outpatient care, durable medical equipment, and other services, including some home health care |
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Medicare Part C |
is optional “gap” coverage provided by private insurance companies that are approved by, and under contract with, Medicare, and may include health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and preferred provider organizations (PPOs). Covered services vary by plan and may include vision, hearing, and dental care |
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Medicare Part D |
was initiated in 2006 to help defray the costs of prescription drugs |
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What established the Medicaid Program |
Social Security Act |
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Medicaid is a public |
welfare assistance program that finances health care coverage for the indigent and children. Eligibility for this program, a joint venture with state and federal funding |
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Cultural diversity |
is a multifaceted and complex concept that refers to the differences among people, especially those related to values, attitudes, beliefs, norms, behaviors, customs, and ways of living |
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Cultural competence |
is respecting and understanding the values and beliefs of a certain cultural group so that one can function effectively in caring for members of that cultural group. |
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transcultural nursing |
to define the philosophical and theoretical similarities between nursing and anthropology |
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Culture specific |
refers to the “particularistic values, beliefs, and patterning of behavior that tend to be special, ‘local,’ or unique to a designated culture and which do not tend to be shared with members of other cultures” |
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culture universal |
refers to the commonalities of values, norms of behavior, and life patterns that are similarly held among cultures about human behavior and lifestyles and form the bases for formulating theories for developing cross-cultural laws of human behavior” |
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Leininger’s theory of culture care diversity and universality |
is concerned with describing, explaining, and projecting nursing similarities and differences focused primarily on human care and caring in human cultures |
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value |
refers to a desirable or undesirable state of affairs. Values are a universal feature of all cultures, although the types and expressions of values differ widely |
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Norms |
are the rules by which human behavior is governed and result from the cultural values held by the group |
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Lineal relationships |
These exist by virtue of heredity and kinship ties. These relationships follow an ordered succession and have continuity through time. |
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Collateral relationships |
The focus is primarily on group goals, and family orientation is important. For example, many Asian clients describe family honor and the importance of working together toward an achievement of the group versus a personal goal. |
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Individual relationships |
These refer to personal autonomy and independence. Individual goals dominate, and group goals become secondary |
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Socioeconomic status (SES) |
is a composite of the economic status of a family or unrelated individuals based on income, wealth, occupation, educational attainment, and power. It is a means of measuring inequalities based on economic differences and the manner in which families live as a result of their economic well-being |
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Cultural stereotyping |
is the tendency to view individuals of common cultural backgrounds similarly and according to a preconceived notion of how they behave |
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culture shock |
the state of disorientation or inability to respond to the behavior of a different cultural group because it holds sudden strangeness, unfamiliarity, and incompatibility for the newcomer’s perceptions and expectations |
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biomedical (i.e., scientific) theory of illness causation is based on the following beliefs |
All events in life have a cause and effect The human body functions more or less mechanically All life can be reduced or divided into smaller parts All of reality can be observed and measured |
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Cultural negotiation |
refers to the process in which messages, instructions, and belief systems are manipulated, linked, or processed between the professional and lay models of health problems and preferred treatment. |
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Chronological age |
refers to the number of years a person has lived. In the United States, an older adult is generally defined as one who is 65 years or older |
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Functional age |
ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), such as bathing and grooming, and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), such as cooking and shopping. This definition of aging is a better measure of age than chronological age |
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error theory |
proposes that an accumulation of errors in protein synthesis occurs over time, resulting in impairment of cellular function |
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Three qualifiers for Medicare |
65 years old or more end stage renal disease disabled |
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Falls |
are the number one cause of fractures, hospital admissions for trauma, loss of independence, and injury deaths |
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four common types of elder abuse |
Physical Psychological Emotional Financial |
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most common type of abuse |
neglect |
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Anxiety disorders |
are mental illnesses that cause people to feel excessively frightened, distressed, or uneasy in situations in which most other people would not. |
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Alzheimer’s disease |
is a slowly progressive brain disorder that begins with mild memory loss and progresses through stages to total incapacitation and eventually death |
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Living wills |
legal documents whose purpose is to allow individuals to specify what type of medical treatment they would or would not want if they became incapacitated or had an irreversible terminal illness |
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disability |
resulting from an impairment, involves a restriction or an inability to perform an activity in a normal manner or within the normal range |
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impairment |
An anatomical, mental, or psychological loss or abnormality |
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handicap |
is a disadvantage resulting from an impairment or a disability that prevents fulfillment of an expected role |
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Medical model |
Disability is a defect in need of cure through medical intervention |
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Rehabilitation model |
Rehabilitation model |
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Moral model |
Connected with sin and shame |
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Disability model |
Socially constructed |
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functional activities |
(e.g., seeing, hearing, speaking, walking, using stairs, lifting and carrying items) |
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activities of daily living (ADLs) |
(e.g., getting around inside the home, bathing, dressing, eating, or toileting) |
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instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) |
(e.g., going outside the home, shopping, light house cleaning, preparing meals) |
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) |
ensures a free appropriate public education to children with disabilities that is based on their needs, in the least restrictive settingfrom preschool through secondary education. Addressing special education needs requires appropriate evaluation and transition services |
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Equal protection |
All deserve equal protection under the law. |
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Egalitarianism |
Regardless of differences in abilities, all people should receive equal treatment through equal opportunities |
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Normalization |
People with disabilities should be treated like nondisabled people, minimizing differences wherever possible. |
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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) |
prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in everyday activities. guarantees equal opportunities for people with disabilities in relation to employment, transportation, public accommodations, public services, and telecommunications. |
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ADA Amendments Act of 2008 |
“seeking protection under the ADA to establish that he or she has a disability within the meaning of the ADA” |
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Literally Homeless |
Individuals and families who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence and includes a subset for an individual who resided in an emergency shelter or a place not meant for human habitation and who is exiting an institution where he or she temporarily resided |
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Imminent Risk of Homelessness |
Individuals and families who will imminently lose their primary nighttime residence |
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Homeless Under Other Federal Statutes |
Unaccompanied youth and families with children and youth who are defined as homeless under other federal statutes who do not otherwise qualify as homeless under this definition |
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Fleeing/Attempting to Flee Domestic Violence (DV) |
Individuals and families who are fleeing, or are attempting to flee, domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, stalking, or other dangerous or life-threatening conditions that relate to violence against the individual or a family member. |
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three broad factors singly and interactively contribute to homelessness. They are: |
shortage of affordable housing insufcient income to meet basic needs inadequate and scarce support services |
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Two types of federal health care centers |
Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) and FQHC Look-A-Likes (FQHCLAs) |
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chronically homeless |
More specifically, they are unaccompanied adults who are homeless for extended or numerous periods and have one or more disabling conditions |
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rural |
for populations with less than 45 persons per square mile |
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frontier |
for geographical areas with less than 6 persons per square mile |
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Emergency preparedness |
refers to actions that should be performed prior to an emergency, such as planning and coordination meetings, procedure writing, team training, emergency drills and exercises, and positioning of emergency equipment |
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Emergency response |
refers to actions taken to deal with an actual, ongoing event |
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Mental health |
refers to the absence of mental disorders and to the ability to function socially and occupationally |
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Mental illness |
consists of diagnosable mental disorders that affect alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior associated with distress and impaired functioning |
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Severe mental illness (SMI) |
is a diagnosis applied to any adult who currently or at any time during the past year has had a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder with moderate, severe, or extreme functional behavior in specific lifestyle areas |
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Deinstitutionalization |
is the release of institutionalized people, especially mental health patients, from an institution for placement and care in the community |
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severe emotional disorder (SED) |
disturbance suggests broad ranges of behaviors that might result in classification of a student eligible for special education |
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Schizophrenia |
is the most severe and most profound of all mental illnesses; globally, it affects about 1% of the population. The effect of this condition on the community is enormous in terms of social and economic burden |
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anosignosia |
an impaired awareness of illness, so they may not recognize that they are ill |
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Bipolar disorder |
refers to a group of mood disorders that manifest as changes in mood from depression to mania. The depressed phase manifests as symptoms seen in major depressive disorder |
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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) |
is characterized by chronic, unrealistic, and exaggerated worry and tension about one or more life circumstances lasting 6 months or longer |
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Panic disorder |
consists of a period of intense fear that develops abruptly and unexpectedly |
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agoraphobia |
literally, fear of the marketplace or open places |
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phobia |
is an irrational fear of something (an object or situation), |
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Social phobia, or social anxiety disorder |
is a persistent and intense fear of, and compelling desire to avoid, something that would expose the individual to a situation that might be humiliating and embarrassing |
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Simple phobias |
involve a persistent fear of, and compelling desire to avoid, certain objects or situations. Common objects of phobias are spiders, snakes, dogs, cats, and situations such as flying, heights, and closed-in spaces |
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
is characterized by anxious thoughts and rituals that the individual has difficulty controlling. feels compelled to engage in some ritual to avoid a persistent frightening thought, idea, image, or event |
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Obsessions |
are recurrent thoughts, emotions, or impulses that cannot be dismissed |
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Compulsions |
are the rituals or behaviors that are repeatedly performed to prevent, neutralize, or dispel the dreaded obsession |
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Post-traumatic stress disorder |
is a debilitating condition that follows a terrifying event. It affects about 3.5% of U.S. adults. Individuals with PTSD have recurring, persistent, frightening thoughts and memories of their ordeal |
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Bulimia nervosa |
refers to binge eating: discreetly consuming an abnormally large amount of food and then using maladaptive compensatory methods to prevent weight gain |
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anorexia nervosa |
becomes obsessed with a fear of fat and with losing weight. Anorexia nervosa often develops as a fairly gradual decrease in caloric intake |
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Suicide Warning Signs: “IS PATH WARM” |
Ideation Substance Abuse Purposelessness Anxiety Trapped Hopelessness Withdrawal Anger Recklessness Mood Changes |
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Psychotherapy |
refers to a process of discovery that helps alleviate troubling emotional symptoms and assists individuals in returning to a healthy life |
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Couple therapy |
is used to develop the relationship and minimize problems through understanding how individual conflicts are expressed in the couple’s interactions |
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Group therapy |
involves a small group of people with similar problems who, with the guidance of a therapist, discuss individual issues and help one another with problems. |
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Play therapy |
is a technique used for establishing communication and resolving problems with young children. |
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy |
may be used in individual, family, couples, or group therapy. The goal is to identify and correct distorted thought patterns that can lead to troublesome feelings and behaviors. |
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Behavioral therapy |
uses learning principles to change thought patterns and behaviors systematically; it is used to encourage the individual to learn specific skills to obtain rewards and satisfaction. |
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Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) |
model is another example of a community-based initiative to help meet the needs of those with mental illness. |
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Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) |
originates from the Memphis Model, an educational and advocacy training program |
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faith factor |
a positive correlation between religion and health |
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Granger Westberg |
is considered the founder of the modern faith community nursing movement. Educated as a chaplain and minister, he worked with nurses in hospitals, medical schools, and church communities |
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faith community |
defined by the church and its public service philosophy |
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health educator |
the FCN provides or coordinates educational offerings for people of all ages and developmental stages |
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personal health counselor |
the FCN discusses health problems with individuals and families within the church community |
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coordinator of volunteers |
involves recruiting, training, and directing volunteers to work with the faith community nursing program or health ministry. The nurse may work with other nurses and lay people within the congregation |
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spiritual distress |
“a disruption in the life principle that pervades a person’s entire being and that integrates and transcends one’s biological and psychosocial nature” |
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CIRCLE Model of Spiritual Care |
Caring Intuition Respect for religious beliefs and practices Caution Listening Emotional support |
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Client Centered Purpose of Case Management |
Help the client through a complex, fragmented, and often confusing health care delivery system and achieve specific client-centered goals |
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System-Centered Purpose of Case Management |
Recognizes that resources are infinite Promotes cost-effective, high-quality care |
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Public Health Act of 1944 |
Brought all existing public health legislation into one law (e.g. CDC, Home Health, Family Planning) |
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McCarren-Ferguson Act of 1945 |
Gave states right to regulate insurance plans |
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Hill Burton Act of 1946 |
Federal assistance in construction of hospitals with stipulations about service for the uninsured |
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Who pays for MEDICARE |
FEDERAL |
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Who pays for MEDICAID |
State 1st Federal 2nd |
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Private Subsystem |
Nonprofit vs profit |
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Public Health (Subsystems) |
Federal State Local |
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MEDICARE how to qualify |
65 or older End stage renal disease Chronic Illness |
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Medicare Part A |
Inpatient hospitalization Skilled Nursing Facilities Hospice Care Home Health Care |
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Medicare Part B |
Additional fee per month* Physician Services Outpatient/Clinic Durable Medical Equipment |
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Medicare Part C |
Gap Coverage |
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Medicare Part D |
Additional Fee Per Month* Pharmaceutical Coverage "Donut Hole" |
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MEDICAID |
Universal healthcare coverage for indigent and children Joint state and federal Dependent on size and income of family and differs state-to-state |
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Most Popular Health Insurance Plan |
PPO - Easier to use |
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HMO |
Limited Network Must have referral |
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PPO |
Physician driven Most don't have gatekeepers Costs are higher Easier to use |
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DETERMINE |
Warning Signs of Poor Nutrition Seniors Disease Eating Poorly Tooth Loss/Pain Economic Hardship Reduced Social Contact Multiple Medications Involuntary Weight Loss/Gain Need Assistance in Self-Care Elder years >80 |
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Impairment |
An anatomical, mental, or psychological loss or abnormality |
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Disability |
A restriction or inability to perform an activity within the normal range |
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Handicap |
Disadvantage resulting from an impairment or disability that prevents the fulfillment of an expected role |
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Americans with Disability Act |
Guarantees equal opportunities for people with disabilities related to employment, transportation, public accommodations, public services, and telecommunications |
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Where does Supplemental Security Income (SSI) come from |
State |
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Where does Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) come from |
Federal |
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Homelessness |
Individual who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence. Chronic Homelessness is >1 year |
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Factors that contribute or Homelessness |
Shortage of Affordable Housing Income Insufficient to meed basic needs Inadequate & Scarce support services Loss of Jobs in IL State slashed homeless funding in half '11 |
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Homeless Men |
Resp Infections Chronic Conditions HIV/AIDS Substance Abuse Mental Health Issues & Minor Emotional Problems |
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Homeless Women |
More stressful life events Pregnancy - Preterm and low birth weight Hx Violence High Risk for Victimization |
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Homeless Children |
Asthma/Iron Deficiency/Obesity Mental Health problems & Developmental delays Problems with educational achievement and acceptance by other students |
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Homeless Adolescents |
STDs/Physical or Sexual Abuse/Depression Family Disruption Unintended pregnancy |
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Number One Substance of Abuse |
ALCOHOL easy access and it's legal |
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Context |
Characteristics of places of residence -Geography, environment, political, social, and economic institutions |
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Composition |
Collective health effects that result from a concentration of persons with certain characteristics -Age, education, income, ethnicity, and health behaviors |
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Agricultural Workers Illnesses |
Musculoskeletal discomfort resp conditions hearing loss hypertension Chemical exposure |
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Parish Nurse |
As a member of a caring church community to meet the health and related needs of vulnerable populations |
